The Vulnerable beira antelope Dorcatragus megalotis is endemic to the Horn of Africa and believed to occur in low numbers in Djibouti, in the southern mountain range of Aser-Jog. In the absence, however, of detailed information on the species, we censused the population and estimated its density, and collected data on the occurrence of potential competitors and predators. A total of 99 different individuals were sighted, with an estimated average density of 0.69 km-2 (range 0–1.25 km-2) over the 13 massifs comprising the mountain range. We did not locate the species in massifs located near villages, suggesting it is affected by human activities. One of the main threats to the beira may be competition for grazing with domestic goats. The creation of a wildlife refuge in Aser-Jog would increase the attractiveness of the area to tourists and encourage international organizations to support a conservation programme for the beira.
