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2 results

  • Chapter 28 - Editing Dictionaries

  • from Part V - The Business of Dictionaries
  • Edited by Edward Finegan, University of Southern California, Michael Adams, Indiana University, Bloomington
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of the Dictionary
    Published online:
    19 October 2024
    Print publication:
    31 October 2024, pp 562-592

  • Summary

    This chapter provides an overview of the process of conceiving, researching, editing, and publishing dictionaries, both synchronic (or commercial) and historical. Discussed methods and tools for making dictionaries range from traditional hand-copying of citations from print books and paper-and-pencil editing to sophisticated electronic technologies like databases, corpora, concordances, and networked editing software. The chapter shows how editorial conception of the needs and sophistication of the end user largely determines the dictionary’s length and headword list as well as the format, defining style, and level of detail in entries. The chapter goes on to examine how the pressures of commercial publishing, with its looming deadlines and pressing need to recoup investment by profits from sales, affect the scope of dictionaries and the amount of time editors can devote to a project, and how these pressures differ from those affecting longer-trajectory, typically grant-funded historical dictionaries. Assessing the consequent challenges for managing and motivating people working in these two very different situations, what may be the most important factor in a project’s success, concludes the survey of dictionary editing.

  • Impact of invasive VNS on depression severity and the need of concomitant drug and neuromodulatory treatment dose

  • E. Kavakbasi, B. Baune
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 September 2022, pp. S88-S89
    • Article
      • You have access
      • Open access
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  • Introduction

    Invasive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive long-term treatment option for chronic and recurrent difficult-to-treat depression (DTD).

    Objectives

    In this prospective observational open-label case series we report on the effects of invasive VNS on depression severity, medication load and the need of maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and esketamine treatment after 12 months.

    Methods

    Patients were treated with invasive VNS according to clinical indication. All patients were included in the Restore-Life-Study. The assessment of depression severity (MADRS) and concomitant treatment was performed at baseline and in 3-months intervals postoperatively over a 12 months period.

    Results

    Twelve patients were treated with adjunctive VNS due to unipolar (n=10) and bipolar (n=2) depression. The majority of patients were female (n=9). The mean age at baseline was 53.8 years (range 38-66). Patients were severely affected by a variety of depression symptoms which was reflected in high MADRS Scores (median 29, mean 28) at baseline. All patients received at least 2 or more psychotropic drugs at baseline. After 12 months of VNS a clear reduction of MADRS Scores (41 % on average) was seen (12-months MADRS Score median 17, mean 18). After 12 months, one patient each was discontinued from maintenance ECT and esketamine, respectively. The median of drug load was reduced from 4,56 to 4,06 after 12 months.

    Conclusions

    Invasive VNS is an effective treatment option in the long-term management of DTD to reduce the need of concomitant drug dose and maintenance treatment.

    Disclosure

    E Kavakbasi received speaker fees from Livanova. BT Baune received speaker and advisor fees from Livanova. The patients were included in the Restore-Life Study sponsored by LivaNova.