As part of ongoing molecular phylogenetic work on the large Gesneriaceae genus Cyrtandra, new insights into the taxonomy and relationships of the Cyrtandra of Japan, Taiwan and Batan Island in the northern Philippines have emerged. Cyrtandra umbellifera is confirmed as a species with a distribution that includes both Taiwan and Batan Island. Cyrtandra yaeyamae is found to be distinct from the widespread C. cumingii, with a distribution that includes both the Ryukyu Islands in Japan and Batan Island.

Eleven new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from Sulawesi are described and illustrated: C. albiflora Karton. & H.J.Atkins, C. boliohutensis Karton. & H.J.Atkins, C. gambutensis Karton. & H.J.Atkins, C. hekensis Karton. & H.J.Atkins, C. hendrianii Karton. & H.J.Atkins, C. hispidula Karton. & H.J.Atkins, C. kinhoii Karton. & H.J.Atkins, C. multinervis Karton. & R.Bone, C. nitida Karton. & H.J.Atkins, C. rantemarioensis Karton. & R.Bone and C. rubribracteata Karton. & H.J.Atkins. Illustrations, maps and preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all the species.

Four new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from the Latimojong Mountains, South Sulawesi (Sulawesi Selatan) are described and illustrated: C. floccosa R.Bone & H.J.Atkins, C. kjellbergii R.Bone & H.J.Atkins, C. purpureofucata R.Bone & H.J.Atkins, and C. spectabilis R.Bone & H.J.Atkins. Conservation recommendations are made for the four species.

Nineteen miscellaneous species of Bornean Cyrtandra are dealt with. Cyrtandra atrichoides, C. congestiflora, C. crockerella, C. dulitiana, C. kanae, C. libauensis, C. plicata, C. vaginata and C. disparoides subsp. inconspicua are newly described. Descriptions and discussion are provided for C. erythrotricha and C. poulsenii, originally published with diagnoses only. Cyrtandra axillaris, C. longicarpa and C. microcarpa are also described, while C. borneensis, C. dajakorum, C. glomeruliflora, C. latens and C. prolata are reduced to synonymy.

Fourteen miscellaneous Bornean species of Cyrtandra are treated. Descriptions and discussion are provided for C. integerrima and C. neiothiantha, originally published with diagnoses only, and C. warburgiana is redescribed. Cyrtandra arachnoidea, C. asikii, C. banyingii, C. keithii, C. lineariloba, C. mendumae, C. palimasanica, C. parvifructa, C. sublanea, C. tubibractea and C. undata are newly described.

Cyrtandra phoenicolasia, C. hottae and five new species constitute a group distinguished by a suite of characters including setose vegetative parts, deeply divided calyx, small white corolla marked on the lower lip with yellow to brown, unilateral disc, ovary constricted at base, and fruit small. All species are fully described and an identification key provided.

Two groups of species are dealt with: first, Cyrtandra schizostyla together with three new species, all notable for the extraordinary elaboration of their anthers; second, C. velutina and C. diplotricha together with four new species, notable for their remarkably slender, soft-walled fruits. All species are fully described and identification keys provided.

New descriptions, followed by discussion, are given for the following species described by Kraenzlin: Cyrtandra cerea, C. foveolata, C. megalocrater, C. prostrata, C. quinquenotata, C. robusta, C. strictipes; C. populifolia, as enumerated by Kraenzlin, is a misdetermination. Cyrtandra paxiana and C. serratobracteata are also re-described, and one recently discovered new species, C. crockeriana, is established.

Six new species of Cyrtandra from Borneo (C. apaensis, C. burleyana, C. filisecta, C. subsphaerocarpa, C. tibangensis, C. toreniiflora) are described. Cyrtandra albibracteata is re-described in order to correct gross errors in the original paper. The published diagnosis validating C. paragibbsiae from Brunei is supplemented by a full description.

Nine species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) are recognized in Peninsular Malaysia. Three (C. cupulata, C. pendula and C. wallichii) are common and occur more or less throughout the area; C. pendula is also recorded from Singapore. Four (C. dispar, C. gimlettei, C. patula and C. suffruticosa) have more restricted distributions, and two (C. lanceolata and C. stonei) are local endemics. Three species and one variety originally described by Ridley are here reduced to synonymy: C. barbata (=C. cupulata), C. falcata (=C. suffruticosa) and C. rotundifolia (=C. pendula), and C. cupulata var. minor (=C. cupulata). Keys for fieldwork and herbarium use are presented and general information is provided. The appendix by M.H. Bokhari contains descriptions of leaf anatomy for eight of the nine species recognized and a key based on anatomical characters.

Seven new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from Sulawesi are described and illustrated: C. gorontaloensis, C. fasciata, C. luteiflora, C. serratifolia, C. purpurea, C. tenuicarpa and C. roseiflora.