This is the first published report of this species in Australia as well as the Indian Ocean (Seychelles), Thailand and Grand Bahama. Originally described from Jamaica, Tripedalia cystophora has since been found in the Philippines, Ecuador, Japan, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Indonesia and Florida. Moreover, this report from Australia is now the southerly-most locality for this species, bringing its total global distribution from 32°N to 28°S latitude. Because of its broad and expanding distribution, and its preferred habitat of mangrove thickets that occur at higher latitudes than its current distribution, T. cystophora may become a model organism for tracking climate-related high latitude range expansion.

Locomotion of the box jellyfish Chiropsalmus sp. (cf quadrigatus)1 (Haeckel) and Chironex fleckeri (Southcott) was analysed using digital video. Specimens of Chiropsalmus sp. and C. fleckeri were collected in 2001 and 2002, respectively, from coastal waters of Northern Queensland, Australia. Chiropsalmus sp. animals were videoed swimming in an aquarium, and C. fleckeri in a large outdoor tank. Locomotor sequences of nine Chiropsalmus sp. and seven C. fleckeri individuals were analysed using video techniques. A subset of animals had fluorescent dye injected into the sub-umbrellar cavity, to allow observation of water movements during ejection from the bell. Both species used an intermittent style of jet propulsion similar to that documented for some other species of cubozoan medusae. Computer analysis allowed examination of positions of bell parts over time intervals (0.04 s) by comparing coordinates of nodes marked on various bell parts using imaging software. Examination of node coordinates allowed a detailed qualitative description of gait, in addition to quantitative statistical analyses. General linear modelling showed that interspecific differences in locomotion were explicable in terms of body size. Larger animals of both species tended to swim faster, and with a lower pulse frequency, than smaller individuals. Smaller animals also tended to swim faster relative to their bell diameter.