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1 results

  • 7 - War, Peace and the Christian Order

  • Edited by David Luscombe, University of Sheffield, Jonathan Riley-Smith, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    The New Cambridge Medieval History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    14 October 2004, pp 185-228

  • Summary

    In the eleventh and twelfth centuries, 'Latin' Europe went through a period of growing social differentiation, in which the function of each class became more clearly defined. The king was seen as the holder of an office, the discharge of which must answer to a basically Christian ordering of affairs. War was conceived as a way to maintain the world order, to keep the peace. In 1038, the emperor Conrad II went from Basel to Friesland pacem firmando, to strengthen the peace. That is how Wipo, his biographer, sums up his account of the emperor's final acts. The Peace of God movement took religious rules which applied to all lay people and adapted them into regulations which affected only warriors. The policy of the reforming papacy led to a further clarification of how warlike activity might be reconciled with the Christian life.