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2 results

  • 24 - Challenge and response

  • from PART V - EARLY PRINCIPATE
  • Edited by E. J. Kenney, W. V. Clausen
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Classical Literature
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    18 March 1982, pp 495-502

  • Summary

    The first century of the Christian era has often been termed the' age of rhetoric'. Tacitus Dialogus is a valuable witness to the attitudes and aspirations of the first century. The arguments of Vipstanus Messalla have been cited to prove the corrupting effects of rhetorical education. For a professional poet in need of patronage the recitation must have been of some assistance. Statius, for instance, at one point refers to the fact that senators were in the habit of attending his readings and Juvenal, in sarcastic vein, confirms their success, though denying that they brought Statius any financial benefit. To see the literature of die first century in perspective, it seems best to bear in mind a number of disparate but possibly cumulative factors, educational, social, political and philosophical, all of which are, to a greater or lesser degree, relevant to die whole picture.

  • 5 - Trans-Saharan contacts and the Iron Age in West Africa

  • Edited by J. D. Fage
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Africa
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    01 February 1979, pp 272-341

  • Summary

    From about 3000 BC onwards, the Sahara began to exert a constraining influence on the freedom of human movement. This chapter considers the problem of the origins and the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Africa south of the Tropic of Cancer, than to try and establish the situation relating to food production in the Sahara and in the sub-Saharan western Sudan towards the beginning of the Christian era. The most important material evidence for a North- West African Bronze Age has begun to come to light far to the south of Morocco, in Mauritania. Most West African peoples passed directly from the Neolithic to the Iron Age, in the Sahel and the Sudan from the fifth century BC, and in the forest lands after the beginning of the Christian era, with 'paleonigritic' peoples in their mountain or island fastnesses catching up between about the fifth and eleventh centuries AD.