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1 results

  • 3 - One for All? The American Patent System and Harmonization of International Intellectual Property Laws

  • from Part I - Introductory
  • Edited by Graeme Gooday, University of Leeds, Steven Wilf, University of Connecticut
  • Book:
    Patent Cultures
    Published online:
    23 March 2020
    Print publication:
    26 March 2020, pp 69-88

  • Summary

    The international harmonization of intellectual property rules has tended on average to strengthen such rights, and to primarily benefit the leaders in international technology markets. The American patent system influenced policies in Britain, France, and such “follower countries” as Germany, Spain, Japan, and China, both individually and through multinational conventions. At the same time, these countries endogenously selected an array of standards and exemptions that varied on the basis of their social and economic needs. Developing countries that resisted exogenous political pressures to wholly harmonize their institutions arguably benefited from, or at least were not necessarily harmed by, their divergent intellectual property cultures. The historical record suggests that intellectual property institutions were most effective when they evolved in accordance with the underlying social and economic fundamentals of each nation.