Chapter 12 evaluates Israeli foreign policy amid the 9/11 attacks and the ensuing US-led global war on terror. The chapter contributes to the literature by demonstrating how, amid the global war on terror, Israel pursued a foreign policy that amounted to a frontal attack on engagement, which reflected the collapse of the domestic support in Israel for this foreign policy stance. Accordingly, the Sharon government offered virtually no response to the Arab peace initiative, which was launched by the Arab League in March 2002.The chapter ends by unearthing how the global war on terror engendered a shift in the role, played hitherto by the USA, in the Arab-Israeli conflict. US foreign policy would no longer hinge on mediation. Instead, it would be based on the principles guiding its global war on terror, namely, transformative diplomacy, regime change, and democratization.

This chapter serves three main purposes. First, it outlines the book’s central argument for why the expectation of reciprocity continues to be an important consideration for states when they decide how to respond to violations of IHL. Second, it describes the methodology used to analyze the role played by such expectations in the decision making of states regarding their IHL obligations. Finally, it provides an overview of the remainder of the book.