The Federal Republic of Germany, including West Berlin, has some 9,000 commercial enterprises engaged in publishing and book distribution. Of these, 2,268 are Verlage (publishing houses) located in 480 cities and 6,672 are Buchhandlungen (bookstores) in 1,585 cities. By far the largest number of the better-known enterprises are concentrated in Berlin, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Munich and Stuttgart. Most publishing houses are small to medium-sized. In 1975 one-third produced only one imprint a year. Three-quarters of all publishers produced between one and ten imprints a year. Only 3 per cent of all publishers produced between 51 to 100 imprints a year and 2.6 per cent more than 100 imprints. Approximately 70 per cent of all publishers have a yearly turnover of up to one million DM and 70 per cent of the bookstores have a turnover of up to DM 500,000. Some 60 publishing houses have placed emphasis in their production on works dealing with law and public administration. Between 100 to 200 bookstores specialize in the distribution of this literature.