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Figures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2020

Edited by
Michael Anderson ,
Michele Cecchini  and
Elias Mossialos
Assisted by
Jonathan North
Michael Anderson
Affiliation:
London School of Economics and Political Science
Michele Cecchini
Affiliation:
OECD
Elias Mossialos
Affiliation:
London School of Economics and Political Science
Jonathan North
Affiliation:
European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies

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Type
Chapter
Information
Challenges to Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance
Economic and Policy Responses
 , pp. xi - xii
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Figures

  1. 1.1Percentage of invasive isolates tested resistant to selected antibiotics for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae reported from European countries in 2017

  2. 1.2Cross country comparison of patterns of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins

  3. 2.1Relative risk of 30-day mortality of patients with resistant infections relative to those with susceptible infections

  4. 2.2Cost of hospitalization for patients with Escherichia coli antibiotic-resistant infection and underlying drivers

  5. 2.3Projected working-age population loss in OECD countries per year relative to 0% resistance, 2020–2050

  6. 4.1Relationship between the number of hospital-acquired infections and investments in infection control

  7. 5.1Summary of the pathways of transmission of resistant bacteria between animals, humans and the environment

  8. 5.2Different routes for exchange of resistant bacteria or genes from animals to humans and vice versa

  9. 6.1Number of new classes of antibiotic discovered or patented each decade

  10. 6.2The number of antibiotics in clinical development possibly active against WHO PPL pathogens (2017) and the number of alternative therapies to antibiotics in clinical development (2017)

  11. 6.3Framework for developing a holistic incentive package for antibiotic development

  12. 6.4Continuum of incentivization across the antibiotic value chain

  13. 8.1Ways in which vaccines may reduce antimicrobial resistance

  14. 9.1Systems diagram of the challenge of antimicrobial resistance

  15. 9.2“A Fair Shot” pictograph by the Médecins sans Frontières Access Campaign

  16. 9.3Dutch Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport, Edith Schippers, poses for photo with US Public Interest Research Group at 2016 UN General Assembly

  17. 9.4Book on microbes by children for children from ReAct Latin America

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