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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2023

Edited by
Froukje Maria Platjouw  and
Alla Pozdnakova
Froukje Maria Platjouw
Affiliation:
Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)
Alla Pozdnakova
Affiliation:
Universitetet i Oslo

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Type
Chapter
Information
The Environmental Rule of Law for Oceans
Designing Legal Solutions
 , pp. 377 - 380
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

Aarhus Convention, 217
ABNJ. See areas beyond national jurisdiction
access and benefit sharing (ABS), 181
Actio popularis, 210, 269, See also litigation; maritime environmental crime
ad hoc jurisdictional agreements. See advisory opinion
Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group (AHTEG), 182, See also maritime genetic resources
advisory function. See International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)
advisory opinion, 144, 226, 233, 236–237, 240, 243, 246–247, 276, 371, See also International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)
Agreement on Port State Measures (PSMA). See Port State
Aichi Biodiversity Targets, 168, See also biodiversity
Aliens Tort Claims Act, 216, See also maritime environmental crime
Amoco Cadiz, 218, See also maritime environmental crime
Antarctic. See Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
climate change, 19
icebergs, 127, 367
Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), 188, 317, 367
Arbitrariness, 6, See also Rule of law
Arctic
ecosystem-based marine management, 302, 314–315, 320, 325
International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), 324
Arctic Council, 314, 321, 373
area-based protection and management measures (ABPMM), 159, 368. See biodiversity; marine protected areas
areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), 95, 167, 213, 239, 243, 284, 313, 318
ASEAN Code of Conduct, 351, 357, 375
Baltic Sea. See HELCOM; Pollution
dumping, 300
ecosystem-based approach, 302–303, 308
EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBSR), 311
geo-engineering, 110
MARPOL, 304
oil pollution, 300, 373
Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), 112, 306, 308
Basel Convention. See pollution
best available technology. See pollution
best environmental practice. See pollution
biodiversity, 17, 21, 49, 76, 104, See also pollution; marine genetic resources
Aichi biodiversity targets, 168
beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ), 23, 178, 294, 316, 364
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 36, 49, 95, 164, 179, 286, 350
fisheries, 153, 169, 361, 366
Nagoya Protocol, 182
regional cooperation, 283, 286, 288, 313, 374
restoration measures, 95–96
Cancún Adaptation Framework, 172
circular economy. See pollution
climate change, 3, 149, 167. See greenhouse gas emissions; pollution
Kyoto Protocol, 18, 33
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), 24, 33, 172, 364
Paris Agreement, 18, 24, 36, 368
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 18, 33, 243, 362
coastal State, 224, 272, 275, 372
jurisdiction, 214, 225, 272
Coherence. See Rule of law
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), 317, 321
Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, 246
Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPOUS), 366
common heritage of mankind, 128, 133, 348
Common Implementation Strategy. See Water Framework Directive
compliance. See Baltic Sea; IUU fishing; litigation; maritime environmental crime; South China Sea; World Trade Organisation
conference of parties, 160
conservation, 141, 143, 153, 167, 350
conservation and management measures, 163, 268
Southern Bluefin Tuna cases, 271, 333
Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment in the North-East Atlantic. See OSPAR
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). See Biodiversity
Convention on Migratory Species, 164. See fisheries; migratory species
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, 188, 302
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, 49
COVID-19, 46, 66, 252
cradle to cradle, 70, See also pollution
crime. See maritime environmental crime
dispute settlement, 253. See also litigation; advisory opinion; International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)
coastal State, 273–274, 278
flag State, 275
Seabed Disputes Chamber. See International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)
World Trade Organisation, 253
due diligence, 102, 144, 168
due regard, 353, 355–356
dumping. See pollution
Eastern Tropical Pacific Marine Corridor (CMAR), 289
Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean (ETPO), 289, 373
ecologically and biologically significant area (EBSA), 289
ecosystem, 3, 36
large marine ecosystem, 287
ecosystem-based approach, 170, 302–303, 308, See also Baltic Sea
ecosystem-based marine management, 302. See also Arctic
Integrated Ecosystem-Based Marine Management (IEBMM), 314–315, 320, 325
enforcement, 150, 369
environmental impact assessment, 88, 102, 159
Espoo Convention, 89
European Space Agency, 81
European Union
Court of Justice of the EU, 113, 194
European Green Deal, 299
Integrated Maritime Policy, 200
legitimacy, 195
Marine Strategy Framework Directive, 200, 305–306, 308, 370
Maritime Spatial Planning Directive, 202, 315, 355, 370
Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, 311
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), 26, 42, 84, 153, 168, 212, 225, 267, 293, 318, 327, 338, 342, 348, 354
Exxon Valdez, 220
fisheries, 17, 21, 72, 154, 335, See also IUU fishing; Port State
climate change, 164
Committee on Fisheries, 176
ecosystem approach to fisheries, 169
fishing access agreement, 258
illegal fishing. See IUU fishing
management, 253
maximum sustainable yield, 154, 261
overfishing, 19, 149, 262
precautionary principle, 175
regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs), 155
subsidies. See World Trade Organisation
United Nations Agreement Relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Migratory Fish Stocks (UNFSA), 48, 137, 153, 276
flag State, 40, 224, 267, 275, 372
jurisdiction, 213–214
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), 176, 255, 340
Code of Responsible Fisheries, 255
Free trade agreements. See World Trade Organisation
IUU fishing, 258
Generally Accepted International Rules and Standards (GAIRS), 42
geo-engineering, 109, 118, See also pollution
good environmental status, 200, See also Water Framework Directive
governance, 4, 163, 173, 193, 196, 283, 369, 373
regional, 285
Great Pacific garbage patch, 47, 99, 103
green legal theory (GLT), 150, See also biodiversity
liberalism, 151
neo-liberalism, 156
Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), 72, See also pollution
climate change, 3, 23
shipping, 31, 33
Helsinki Commission (HELCOM), 111, 120, 305, See also Baltic Sea
ice sheets, 19
icebergs, 12, 124–125, 127, 367
illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. See IUU fishing
Ilulissat Declaration, 313
Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 248
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, 295
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 19, 95
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships. See MARPOL
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. See SOLAS
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), 88
International Court of Justice, 97, 144, 249, 267, 333
International Law Commission (ILC), 239, 269
International Maritime Organization (IMO), 27, 31, 90, 216, 246, 289, 300, 303–304, 319
International Seabed Authority, 319
International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 182
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), 137, 226, 236, 267, 371, See also advisory opinion
Seabed Disputes Chamber, 40, 144
IUU fishing, 19, 28, 207, 223, 240, 257, 263, 290, 369
International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, 233
Law of the Sea Convention. See United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
legal certainty. See Rule of law
legitimacy. See European Union
liability. See maritime environmental crime
litigation. See also dispute settlement
coastal State, 272
fisheries, 275
flag State, 267
remedies, 274
living resources. See marine living resources
London Convention on Dumping. See pollution
marine biodiversity. See biodiversity
marine ecosystem. See ecosystem-based approach; ecosystem-based marine management
marine genetic resources, 178–179
functional units of heredity, 183
marine litter. See pollution
marine living resources, 140, 163, See also fisheries; Whaling
marine pollution. See pollution
marine protected areas (MPAs), 13, 159–160, 168, 193, 285, 315, 356, 373
marine scientific research, 100
maritime environmental crime, 207, 217
International Criminal Court (ICC), 218
Interpol, 215
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), 228
Maritime Spatial Planning Directive. See European Union
MARPOL, 32, 48, 60, 90, 218, 304
maximum sustainable yield. See Fisheries
Nagoya Protocol. See biodiversity
North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission, 340
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC), 320
Ocean. See climate change
acidification, 3, 17, 19, 21, 149, 163
eutrophication, 105, 108
fertilization, 111, 118
governance. See Governance
The Ocean Cleanup, 96, 99, 366
Oil Pollution Act, 216, See also pollution
OSPAR, 53, 85, 319, 321, 374
Outer Space Treaty, 79, 83, 87
overfishing. See Fisheries
Paris Agreement. See climate change
particularly sensitive sea areas. See International Maritime Organisation
Baltic Sea, 301, 304
Galapagos and Malpelo, 289
pollution, 3, 21, 35, 47, 60, 82, 110, 149
air, 34
Baltic Sea, 108, 304, 312, 373
Barcelona Convention, 318
Caribbean Sea, 61, 65
dumping, 48, 60, 85, 90, 110, 118, 209
Global Partnership on Marine Litter, 55
Global Plastic Treaty, 55
Global Programme of Action for Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, 48
land-based, 76
London Convention, 60, 85, 91, 118, 366
microplastics, 3, 46, 54–55, 59
oil, 207, 209, 218, 300–301
plastics, 3, 58, 364
Regional Plan on Marine Litter Management in the Mediterranean, 50, 53
Regional Seas Programme, 286
shipping, 31, 43, 207, 300
spaceflight, 76, 79
underwater noise, 3
port State, 224, See also IUU fishing
Agreement on Port State Measures (PSMA), 227
control, 44
jurisdiction, 43
precautionary principle/approach, 117, 138, 175
predictability. See Rule of law
Prevention
principle, of, 80, 115, 144
regional fisheries management organisation (RFMO), 163, 271, 275, 287, 368
remedies. See litigation
resilience, 3
rule of law
application, 5
clarity, 5, 10
coherence, 10
democracy, 4
formality, 5
international dimension, 7–8
legal certainty, 10
meaning, 4
predictability, 9
stability, 6
soft law, 83
SOLAS, 301
South China Sea, 21, 36, 146, 233, 272, 346, 356, 372, 374
space law, 78
Outer Space Treaty, 79
stability. See Rule of law
Stockholm Convention. See pollution
stratification, 17, 19
Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission, 236, 243, See also Regional fisheries management organisation (RFMO)
Sustainable Development Goals, 9, 253, 286, 299, 305
Torrey Canyon, 218
United Nations Agreement Relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Migratory Fish Stocks (UNFSA). See fisheries
United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN COPUOS), 81, 90
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC). See maritime environmental crime
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 17, 31, 47, 81, 95, 110, 136, 150, 164, 178, 211, 223, 253, 267, 283, 304, 313, 332, 347, 362
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 287, 340, 363
United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea, 302
United Nations Port State Measures Agreement. See port State
United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 289
waste management, 52, 365
Water Framework Directive, 197, 370, See also European Union
whaling, 327
International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, 270, 327, 338
International Whaling Commission, 329, 355
Japan Ocean Act, 335
Whaling in the Antarctic case, 333
World Trade Organisation (WTO)
Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM), 256, 259
Fisheries Subsidies Agreement, 253, 369
General Agreement on Tariffs (GATT), 258

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  • Index
  • Edited by Froukje Maria Platjouw, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Alla Pozdnakova, Universitetet i Oslo
  • Book: The Environmental Rule of Law for Oceans
  • Online publication: 21 February 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009253741.034
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  • Index
  • Edited by Froukje Maria Platjouw, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Alla Pozdnakova, Universitetet i Oslo
  • Book: The Environmental Rule of Law for Oceans
  • Online publication: 21 February 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009253741.034
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Index
  • Edited by Froukje Maria Platjouw, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Alla Pozdnakova, Universitetet i Oslo
  • Book: The Environmental Rule of Law for Oceans
  • Online publication: 21 February 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009253741.034
Available formats
×