Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T17:33:35.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Populist Pope?: Politics, Religion, and Pope Francis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2020

William McCormick*
Affiliation:
Saint Louis University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: William McCormick, S.J., Saint Louis University, 3750 Lindell Boulevard, Room 127, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

While religion and democracy have been intertwined since World War II, scholars have made little of the connections between religion and populism, largely conceptualizing religion as a tool of populism. In this paper, however, I argue that Pope Francis' deployment of Catholicism resists such instrumentalization by populist politics, and offers resources for political ills underlying populism. I show that Francis' focus on the people allows him to capitalize on populist currents in global politics, while also reforming those currents into something more constructive than populism. I further explore how his political theology and institutional autonomy render his thought and example relatively impervious to appropriation by political actors.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © Religion and Politics Section of the American Political Science Association 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

For their assistance the author would like to thank J.D. Bowen, Russell Hittinger, Jennie Ikuta, Austen Ivereigh, Harrison Kratochvil, Daniel Philpott, Tom Reese, SJ, Steve Rogers, and the editors, and reviewers of Politics & Religion.

The author's name was incorrectly listed in the original online version of this article. This has been corrected above and an erratum has been published.

References

REFERENCES

Appleby, R. Scott. 1999. The Ambivalence of the Sacred. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Borghesi, Massimo. 2018. The Mind of Pope Francis: Jorge Mario Bergoglio's Intellectual Journey, tr. Hudock, Barry. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Academic Press.Google Scholar
Brubaker, Rogers. 2017. “Between Nationalism and Civilizationalism: The European Populist Moment in Comparative Perspective.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 40 (80): 11911226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canovan, Margaret. 2004. “Populism for Political Theorists?Journal of Political Ideologies 9 (34): 241252.Google Scholar
Casanova, José. 2001. “Civil Society and Religion: Retrospective Reflections on Catholicism and Prospective Reflections on Islam.” Social Research 68 (4): 10411080.Google Scholar
Deck, Allan Figueroa. 2005. “Commentary on Populorum Progressio.” In Modern Catholic Social Teaching: Commentaries & Interpretations, ed. Himes, Kenneth R.. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 292314.Google Scholar
DeHanas, Daniel Nilsson, and Shterin, Marat. 2018. “Religion and the Rise of Populism.” Religion, State & Society 46 (3): 177185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorr, Donal. 2012. Option for the Poor and for the Earth: Catholic Social Teaching. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.Google Scholar
Driessen, Michael D. 2010. “Religion, State, and Democracy: Analyzing Two Dimensions of Church-State Arrangements.” Politics and Religion 3: 5580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duffy Toft, Monica, Philpott, Daniel, and Samuel Shah, Timothy. 2011. God's Century. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Fox, Jonathan. 2008. A World Survey of Religion and the State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francis. 2013b. [EG] Evangelii Gaudium. Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.Google Scholar
Francis. 2015. [LS] Laudato si’. Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.Google Scholar
Francis. 2019. “Address of His Holiness Pope Francis in His Meeting with Migrants.” http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2019/march/documents/papa-francesco_20190330_migranti-marocco.htmlGoogle Scholar
Giangravè, Claire. 2019. “Pope Apologizes to Gypsies for ‘Discrimination and Segregation’.” Crux. https://cruxnow.com/pope-in-romania/2019/06/02/pope-apologizes-to-gypsies-for-discrimination-and-segregation/.Google Scholar
Gray, Phillip W. 2007. “Political Theology and the Theology of Politics: Carl Schmitt and Medieval Christian Political Thought.” Humanitas 20 (1–2): 175200.Google Scholar
Gregg, Samuel. 2017. “Understanding Pope Francis: Argentina, Economic Failure, and the Teología del Pueblo.” The Independent Review 21 (3): 361374.Google Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen. 2008. Between Naturalism and Religion: Philosophical Essays. Cambridge, UK: Polity.Google Scholar
Hehir, J. Bryan. 2006. “The Old Church and the New Europe: Charting the Changes.” In Religion in an Expanding Europe, eds. Byrnes, Timothy A. and Katzenstein, Peter J.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 93116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hittinger, Russell. 2007. The First Grace. Wilmington, DE: ISI.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. 1991. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Isaac, Jeffrey C. 2017. “What's in A Name?Journal of Democracy 28 (2): 170174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivereigh, Austen. 2015. The Great Reformer: Francis and the Making of A Radical Pope. New York: Picador.Google Scholar
Klaiber, Jeffrey. 1998. The Church, Dictatorships, and Democracy in Latin America. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.Google Scholar
Kraynak, Robert. 2001. Christian Faith and Modern Democracy. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Laclau, Ernesto. 2005. On Populist Reason. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Levy, Jacob T. 2015. Rationalism, Pluralism, & Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lynch, Gordon. 2012. The Sacred in the Modern World: A Cultural Sociological Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marzouki, Nadia, and McDonnell, Duncan. 2016. “Populism and Religion.” In Saving the People: How Populists Hijack Religion, eds. Marzouki, Nadia, McDonnell, Duncan and Roy, Olivier. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 111.Google Scholar
Mudde, Cas, and Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristobal. 2017. Populism: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, Jan-Werner. 2016. What is Populism? Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Rourke, Thomas R. 2016. The Roots of Pope Francis's Social and Political Thought: From Argentina to the Vatican. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Palaver, Wolfgang. 2019. “Populism and Religion: On the Politics of Fear.” Dialog 58: 2229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pentin, Edward. 2018. “‘Evangelii Gaudium’—A Key to Understanding Francis’ Papacy.” National Catholic Register. http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/evangelii-gaudium-a-key-to-understanding-francis-papacy.Google Scholar
Philpott, Daniel. 2007. “Explaining the Political Ambivalence of Religion.” American Political Science Review 101(3): 505525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reese, Thomas. 1996. Inside the Vatican. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Rommen, Heinrich. 2016. The State in Catholic Thought. Providence, RI: Cluny Media.Google Scholar
Rosanvallon, Pierre. 2008. Counter-Democracy: Politics in an Age of Distrust. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rourke, Thomas R. 2016. The Roots of Pope Francis's Social and Political Thought: From Argentina to the Vatican. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. 1978 [1762]. On the Social Contract, Tr. Masters, Judith R.. New York: St Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristobal. 2014. “The Responses of Populism to Dahl's Democratic Dilemmas.” Political Studies 62: 470487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, Olivier. 2016. “The French National Front: From Christianity to Laicité.” In Saving the People: How Populists Hijack Religion, eds. Marzouki, Nadia, McDonnell, Duncan and Roy, Olivier. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 7993.Google Scholar
Scannone, Juan Carlos. 2016. “Pope Francis and the Theology of the People.” Theological Studies 77(1): 118135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stark, Rodney, and Finke, Roger. 2000. Acts of Faith: Explaining the Human Side of Religion. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stormvoll, A. Alexander. 2018. A Living Tradition: Catholic Social Doctrine and Holy See Diplomacy. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books.Google Scholar
Weyland, Kurt. 2001. “Clarifying A Contested Concept: Populism in the Study of Latin American Politics.” Comparative Politics 34 (1): 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weyland, Kurt, and Madrid, Raúl L.. 2019.“Introduction.” In When Democracy Trumps Populism, eds. Weyland, Kurt and Madrid, Raúl L.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar