Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T03:32:29.944Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Indicators of Stress in Poultry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

J. A. Hill
Affiliation:
Ministry of Agriculture, Gleadthorpe Experimental Farm, Meden Vale, Mansfield, Notts.
Get access

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Al-Rawi, B and Craig, J. V. (1975). Agonistic behaviour of caged chickens related to group size and area per bird. Applied Animal Ethology, 2: 69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bareham, J. R. (1972). Effects of cages and semi-intensive deep litter pens on the behaviour, adrenal response and production in 2 strains of laying hens. British Veterinary Journal, 128(3): 153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bareham, J. R. (1976). A comparison of the behaviour and production of laying hens in experimental and conventional battery cages Applied Animal Ethology, 2: 291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxter, J. D. and Forsham, P. H. (1972). Tissue effects of glucocorticoids. American Journal of Medicine, 53: 573.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beuving, G. and Vonder, G. M. A. (1977). Daily rhythm of corticosterone inlaying hens and the influence of egg laying. Journal Reproduction and Fertility. 51: 169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, A. J. and Hughes, B. O. (1974). Patterns of comfort behaviour and activity in domestic fowls: a comparison between cages and pens. British Veterinary Journal. 130: 23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brambell, R. F. (1965). Report. Cmnd 2836. London: Hmso.Google Scholar
Brown, K. I. (1967). Environmentally imposed stress. In:—Environmental control in poultry production, 101113, Edit. Carter, T. C., Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Brown, P. L. (1974). The synthesis of the stress entity. British Veterinary Journal. 130: 93.Google Scholar
Buckland, R. B., Blagrave, K. and Lague, P. C. (1974). Competitive protein-binding assay for corticosterone in the peripheral plasma of immature chicken. Poultry Science. 53: 241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conner, M. H. (1959)., Effect of various hormone preparations and nutritional stresses in chickens. Poultry Science. 38: 1340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Culbert, J. and Wells, J. W. (1975). Aspects of adrenal function in the domestic fowl. Journal Endocrinology. 65: 363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davison, T. F. (1978). The turnover of thyroxine in the plasma of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). General Comparative Endocrinology. 36: 380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawkins, M. (1977). Do hens suffer in battery cages? Environmental preference and welfare. Animal Behaviour. 25: 1034.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawkins, M. (1980). Animal suffering. The science of animal welfare. Chapman and Hall, London & New York.Google Scholar
Deutsch, J. A. (1960). The structural basis of behaviour. University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Draper, M. H. and Lake, P. E. (1967). Physiological reactions of the laying fowl to adverse environments, with special reference to the defence reaction. In: Environmental control in poultry production, 87100, Edit. Carter, T. C., Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Duncan, I. J. H. (1970). Frustration in the fowl. In:—Aspects of poultry behaviour. Edit. Freeman, B. M. and Gordon, R. F. British Egg Marketing Board Symposium No. 6, pt. 2. British Poultry Science, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Duncan, I. J. H. (1974). A scientific assessment of welfare. Proceedings British Society for Animal Production. 3: 9.Google Scholar
Duncan, I. J. H. (1978). The interpretation of preference tests in animal behaviour. Applied Animal Ethology. 4: 197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncan, I. J. H. and Filshie, J. H. (1979). The use of telemetry devices to measure temperature and heart-rate in domestic fowl. In:—A Handbook on Biotelemetry and Radio Tracking. (Eds. Almaner, C. J. and MacDonald, D. W.). pp. 579588. London, Pergamon Press Ltd.Google Scholar
Duncan, I. J. H. and Wood-Gush, D. G. M. (1971). Frustration and aggression in the domestic fowl. Animal Behaviour. 19: 500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duncan, I. J. H. and Wood-Gush, D. G. M. (1972a). Thwarting of feeding behaviour in the domestic fowl. Animal Behaviour. 20: 444.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duncan, I. J. H. and Wood-Gush, D. G. M. (1972b). An analysis of displacement preening in the domestic fowl. Animal Behaviour. 20: 68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ewbank, R. (1969). Behavioural implications of intensive animal husbandry. Outlook on Agriculture 6: 41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, B. M. (1967). Effects of stress on the ascorbic acid content of the adrenal gland of Gallus domesticus. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology. 23: 303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, B. M. (1968). Deletion of ascorbic acid from the adrenal of the intact embryo of Gallus domesticus by adrenocorticotrophic hormone or histamine. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology. 24: 905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, B. M. (1969). The bursa of Fabricus and adrenal cortical activity in Gallus domesticus. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology. 29: 639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, B. M. (1970). The effects of adrenocorticotrophic hormone on adrenal weight and adrenal ascorbic acid in the normal and bursectomized fowl. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology. 32: 755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, B. M. (1971). Stress and the domestic fowl: a physiological appraisal. World's Poultry Science Journal. 27: 263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, B. M. (1976). Stress and the domestic fowl: a physiological re-appraisal. World's Poultry Science Journal. 32: 249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, B. M. (1980). Glucagon: a stress hormone in the domestic fowl. Research in Veterinary Science, 28: 389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, B. M. and Manning, A. C. C. (1976). Mediation of glucagon in the response of the domestic fowl to stress. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology. 53A: 169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, B. M. and Manning, A. C. C. (1977). Circadian rhythms in the glycaemic and lipolytic responses of Gallus domesticus to handling and repeated blood sampling. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology. 57A: 211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garren, H. W. and Barber, E. W. (1955). Endocrine and lymphatic gland changes occurring in young chickens with fowl typhoid. Poultry Science. 34: 1250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garren, H. W. and Shaffner, C. S. (1954). Factors concerned in the response of young New Hampshires to muscular fatigue. Poultry Science. 33: 1095.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garren, H. W. and Shaffner, C. S. (1956). How the period of exposure to stress stimuli affects the endocrine and lymphatic gland weights of young chickens. Poultry Science. 35: 266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, W. B. and Siegel, P. B. (1973). Effects of social stress and steroids on antibody production. Avian Diseases. 17: 807.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvey, S., Davison, T. F., Klandorf, H. and Phillips, J. G. (1980). Diurnal changes in the plasma concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine and their binding to plasma proteins in the domestic duck (Anus platyrhynchos). General Comparative Endorcrinology. 42: 500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinde, R. A. (1969). The bases of aggression in animals. Journal Psychosomatic Research. 13: 213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hinde, R. A. (1970). Animal Behaviour. A synthesis of ethology and comparative psychology. McGraw Hill Book Company, London.Google Scholar
Hughes, B. O. (1975a). Spatial preference in the domestic hen. British Veterinary Journal, 131: 560.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, B. O. (1975b). The concept of an optimum stocking density and its selection for egg production. Chapter in 'Economic factors affecting egg production'. pp. 271298 (Ed. Freeman, B. M. and Boorman, K. N.). British Poultry Science Ltd. EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Hughes, B. O. (1976). Preference decisions of the domestic hen for wise or litter floors. Applied Animal Ethology. 2: 155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, B. O. (1977). Selection of group size by individual laying hens. British Poultry Science. 18: 9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, R. B. (1979). The Hole in the Wall test; its validity as a measure of the 'timidity' aspect of fear in the domestic chick. Ircs Medical Science. 7: 167.Google Scholar
Jones, R. B. (1980). Responses of male and female domestic chicks to a startling stimulus and the effects of a tranquilliser. Behaviour Processes. 5: 161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, R. B. and Black, A. J. (1979). The behaviour of domestic chicks in their home cages and in an open field; substrate effects. Ircs Medical Science. 7: 619.Google Scholar
Jones, R. B. and Black, A. J. (1980). Feeding behaviour of domestic chickens in a noval environment; effects of food deprivation and sex. Behaviour Processes. 5: 173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, J. S. (1954). Is modern ethology objective? British Journal of Animal Behaviour. 2: 12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiley-Worthington, M. (1977). Behavioural problems of farm animals. Oriel, Stocksfield.Google Scholar
Levi, L. (1969). Neuro-endocrinology of anxiety. In: Studies of anxiety. Edit. Lader, M. H., British Journal Psychiatry. Special Publication No. 3Headley Bros., Ltd., Ashford.Google Scholar
Lorenz, K. (1950). The comparative method in studying innate behaviour patterns. Summary Social Experimental Biology. 4: 221.Google Scholar
Manning, A. (1972). An introduction to animal behaviour, Arnold, London.Google Scholar
Misson, B. H. (1978). A note on the measurement of body temperature in Gallus domesticus. Journal Thermal Biology, 3: 175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, L. B. (1975). A study of the behavioural expression of fear and exploration in two stocks of domestic fowl. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Murphy, L. B. (1978). A review of animal welfare and intensive animal production. Poultry Section, Queensland Department of Primary Industries.Google Scholar
Murphy, L. B. and Duncan, I. J. H. (1977). Attempts to modify the responses of domestic fowl towards human beings. 1. The association of human contact with a food reward. Applied Animal Ethology, 3: 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orians, G. (1971). Ecological aspects of behaviour. In Avian Biology, Vol. 1, edited by Farner, D. S. and King, J. R. p. 513. Academic Press, London and New York.Google Scholar
Perry, G. C. (1973). Can the physiologist measure stress? New Scientist. 18th 10, 1975.Google Scholar
Powell, A. J. (1976). Empirical approaches to the welfare problem. Proceedings Vth European Poultry Conference,Malta.Google Scholar
Schachter, S. (1970). The assumption of identity and peripheralist-centralist controversies in motivation and emotion. In Feelings and Emotion, Edited by Arnold, M. P. III. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Schindler, W. J. (1962). Hypothalamic Neurohumeral control of pituitary function. Proceedings Royal Society of Medicine. 55: 125.Google Scholar
Selye, H. (1950). Stress: The Physiology and Pathology of Exposure to Stress. Montreal: Acta Inc.Google Scholar
Selye, H. (1952). The story of the adaptation syndrome. Acta, Montreal.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siegel, H. S. (1960). Effect of population density on the pituitary-adrenal cortical axis of cockerels. Poultry Science. 39: 500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seigel, P. B. (1979). Behaviour genetics in chickens: A review. World's Poultry Science Journal. 35: 9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorpe, W. H. (1965). The assessment of pain and distress in animals. Appendix III. Report of Technical Committee to enquire into the Welfare of animals kept under intensive livestock husbandry systems. H.M.S.O. Cmnd 2836.Google Scholar
Thorpe, W. H. (1969). Welfare of domestic animals. Nature. 224: 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolff, H. G. (1960). Stressors as a cause of disease in man. In: Stress and Psychiatric Disorder. (Ed. by Tanner, J. M.) Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 17.Google Scholar
Wolford, J. H. and Ringer, R. K. (1962). Adrenal weight, adrenal ascorbic acid, adrenal cholesterol and different leucocyte counts as physiological indicators of 'stressor' agents in laying hens. Poultry Science. 41: 1521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood-Gush, D. G. M. (1973). Animal welfare in modern agriculture. British Veterinary Journal. 129: 167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zachariasen, R. D. and Newcomer, W. S. (1975). Influence of corticosterone on the stress induced elevation phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activity in the avian adrenal. General Comparative Endocrinology. 25: 332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar