Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T11:16:45.287Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Feeding schedules for broiler chickens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2009

F. SHARIATMADARI
F. SHARIATMADARI*
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, I.R. Iran, 14115-336
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The traditional feeding programmes and nutrient requirements of broilers, as established by the NRC, are usually based upon age and fixed growing duration. This is despite the fact that broiler growth pattern characteristics have changed enormously over last decade. Such classical approaches have been questioned as to their effectiveness, and it has been argued the NRC recommendations are no longer applicable to the present methods of production, and need to be re-evaluated. The short comings of traditional or classical fixed duration of feeding phases have led many investigators to suggest and introduce alternative feeding programmes in replacement, including alternative, phase, sequential, choice, dual and subsequent feeding. The effectiveness and shortcomings of such methods are analysed in this review.

Keywords

broilersphasesequentialchoicerestrictedfeeding programme
Type
Review Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 65 , Issue 3 , September 2009 , pp. 393 - 400
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AMAN YAMAN, M., KITA, K. and OKUMURA, J. (2000a) Different responses of protein synthesis to refeeding in various muscles of fasted chicks. British Journal of Nutrition 41: 224-228.Google Scholar
AMAN YAMAN, M., KITA, K. and OKUMURA, J. (2000b) Various macronutrient intakes additively stimulate protein synthesis in liver and muscle of food-deprived chicks. Journal of Nutrition 130: 70-76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BIZERAY, C., LETERRIER, L., CONSTANTIN, P., PICARD, M. and FAURE, J.M. (2002) Sequential feeding can increase activity and improve gait score in meat-type chickens. Poultry Science 81: 1798-1806.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BOUVAREL, B., BARRIER-GUILLOT, P., LARROUDE, B., BOUTTEN, C., LETERRIER, F., MERLET, M., VILARIN, O.L., ROFFIDAL, S., TESSERAUD, J., CASTAING, J. and PICARD, M. (2004) Sequential Feeding Programs for Broiler Chickens: Twenty-Four- and Forty-Eight-Hour Cycles. Poultry Science 83: 40-60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
CUMMING, R.B. (1987) Behavioral aspects of food selection in young chickens. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia. Proceedings of symposium at the University of New England, pp. 24-27.Google Scholar
DE BASILIO, V., VILARINÕ, M., YAHAV, S. and PICARD, M. (2001) Early age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male broilers challenged by heat stress. Poultry Science 80: 29-36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EMMANS, G.C. (1991) Diet selection by animals: Theory and experimental design. Proceeding of Nutritional Society 50: 59-64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
FOOTE, W.R. and ROSE, S.P. (1991) Sequential feeding of whole grain wheat to broilers. British Poultry Science 32: 1131-1132.Google Scholar
FORBES, J.M. (1995) Voluntary Food Intake and Diet Selection in Farm Animals. 1st ed. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K.Google Scholar
FORBES, J.M. and COVASA, M. (1995) Application of diet selection by poultry with particular reference to whole cereals. World's Poultry Science Journal 51: 149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FORBES, J.M. and SHARIATMADARI, F. (1994) Diet selection for protein by poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal 50: 7-24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FORBES, J.M. and SHARIATMADARI, F. (1996) Short-term effects of food protein content on subsequent diet selection by chickens and the consequences of alternate feeding of high- and low protein foods. British Poultry Science 37: 597-607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GOUS, R.M. and DU PREEZ, J.J. (1975) The sequential feeding of growing chickens. British Journal of Nutrition 34: 113-118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KITA, K., MATSUNAMI, S. and OKUMURA, J. (1996) Relationship of protein synthesis to mRNA levels in the muscle of chicks under various nutritional conditions. Journal Nutrition 126: 1827-1832.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KYRIAZAKIS, I. (1989) Growth, food intake and diet selection in pigs. Theory and experiments. PhD Thesis. University of Edinburgh.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MOHSENI, H. (2008) Phase feeding of broiler chicken. MSc Thesis. Tarbiat Modaress University, Tehran, I.R. Iran.Google Scholar
NASRIL, J. (2003) Continuous multiple-phase feeding of broiler chickens. PhD Dissertation. Texas A&M University.Google Scholar
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, (1994) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Rev. Edition. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
NIR, I., NITZAN, Z., DUNNINGTON, E.A. and SIEGEL, P.B. (1996) Aspects of food intake restriction in young domestic fowl: Metabolic and genetic considerations. World's Poultry Science Journal 52: 251-266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NOIROT, V., BOUVAREL, I., BARRIER-GUILLOT, B., CASTAING, J., ZWICK, J.L. and PICARD, M. (1998) Cereales entieres pour les poulets de chair: Le retour? INRA Productions Animales 11:349-357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
POPE, T., LOUPE, L.N., TOWNSEND, J.A. and EMMERT, J.L. (2002) Growth performance of broilers using a phase-feeding approach with diets switched every other day from forty-two to sixty-three days of age Poultry Science 81: 466-471CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
POPE, T. and EMMERT, T.J. (2002) Impact of Phase-Feeding on the Growth performance of broilers subjected to high environmental temperatures. Poultry Science 81: 504-511.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
POPE, T. and EMMERT, J.L. (2001) Phase-Feeding Supports Maximum Growth Performance of Broiler Chicks from Forty-three to Seventy-one Days of Age . Poultry Science 80: 345-352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ROSE, S.P and KYRIAZAKIS, I. (1991) Diet selection of pigs and poultry. Proceedings of the Nutritional Society 50: 87-98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ROSE, S.P., FIELDEN, M., FOOTE, W.R. and GARDIN, P. (1995) Sequential feeding of whole wheat to growing broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 36: 97-111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ROSEBROUGH, R.W., MCMURTRY, J.P. and STEELE, N.C. (1989) Protein and energy relations in the broiler chicken. Chronic and acute effects of alternating protein or intermittent feeding regimens on broiler lipid metabolism. British Journal of Nutrition 61: 223-233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ROSEBROUGH, R.W., MITCHELL, A.D. and MCMURTRY, J.P. (1996) Dietary crude protein changes rapidly alter metabolism and plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentrations in broiler chickens. Journal of Nutrition 126: 2888-2898.Google ScholarPubMed
ROUSH, W.B., BOYKIN, D. and BRANTON, S.L. (2004) Optimization of phase feeding of starter, grower, and finisher diets for male broilers by mixture experimental design: forty-eight-day production period Poultry Science 83: 1264-1275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SALEH, E.A., WATKINS, S.E. and WALDROUP, P.W. (1996) Changing time of feeding starter, grower, and finisher diets for broilers. 1. Birds grown to 1 Kg. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 3: 320-328.Google Scholar
SALEH, E.A., WATKINS, S.E. and WALDROUP, P.W. (1997a) Changing time of feeding starter, grower, and finisher diets for broilers. 2. Birds grown to 2 Kg. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 6: 64-73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SALEH, E.A., WATKINS, S.E. and WALDROUP, P.W. (1997b) Changing time of feeding starter, grower, and finisher diets for broilers. 3. Birds grown to 3.3 Kg. Journal of Applied. Poultry Research 6: 290-297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SHARIATMADARI, F. (1992) Control of dietary preference of broiler chickens. PhD Thesis. University of Leeds, UK.Google Scholar
SHARIATMADARI, F. and FORBES, J.M. (1993) Growth and food intake responses to diets of different protein contents and a choice between diets containing two levels of protein in broiler and layer strains of chickens. British Poultry Science 34: 959-970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SINURAT, A.P. and BALNAVE, D. (1986) . Free-choice feeding of broilers at high temperature. British Poultry Science 27: 577-584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UNI, Z. and FERKET, R.P. (2004) methods of early nutrition and their potential. World's Poultry Science Journal 60: 101-109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WARREN, W.A. and EMMERT, J.L. (2000) Efficacy of phase-feeding in supporting growth performance of broiler chicks during the starter and finisher phases. Poultry Science 79: 764-770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
WATKINS, S.E., WALDROUP, A.L. and WALDROUP, P.M. (1993) Effect of dietary amino acid level diets for broiler chickens on change from starter to grower. Poultry Science 72(2): 137.Google Scholar
ZUBAIR, A.Z. and LEESON, S. (1999) Compensatory growth in the broiler chickens. World's Poultry Science Journal 52: 189-201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar