Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T16:38:27.287Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Soil Residues Following Repeat Applications of Diuron, Simazine, and Terbacil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Thomas J. Tworkoski ,
William V. Welker  and
George D. Vass
Thomas J. Tworkoski*
Affiliation:
Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430
William V. Welker
Affiliation:
Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430
George D. Vass
Affiliation:
Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Diuron, simazine, and terbacil were applied in field plots annually from 1981 to 1995. Soil was sampled at selected times after herbicide application in 1993, 1994, and 1995 to determine herbicide residue changes with time and soil depth. Diuron residues were found mainly in the upper 20 cm of soil; residue concentration decreased exponentially with time. Less than 1% of the initial concentration after application in summer was present the following spring. Terbacil residues were found in soil below the upper 20 cm. Terbacil degraded more slowly than diuron, and residues in spring were less than 30% the level of the previous summer. Simazine plus hydroxysimazine soil residues were present in all depths to 100 cm and were higher than diuron or terbacil at these depths. Simazine plus hydroxysimazine residues in spring were nearly 40% the level of the previous summer. With all three herbicides, soil residues were greatest in the upper 20 cm of soil during 2 to 3 wk following application. Data confirmed that diuron did not leach, whereas simazine can migrate through the soil. Terbacil migrated intermediately in depth relative to diuron and simazine. After 15 annual applications, herbicide residues were present but were not accumulating.

Keywords

Diuron, N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylureasimazine, 6-chloro-N,N′-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diaminedesethylsimazine, 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-amino-s-triazinedi-desethylsimazine, 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-s-triazinehydroxysimazine, 2-hydroxy-4,6-bis(ethyl-amino)-s-triazineterbacil, 5-chloro-3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedioneHerbicide movementDAT, days after herbicide treatmentGC-MS, gas chromatography–mass spectrometryHPLC-PDA, high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detectorMS, mass spectrometryODS, octadecyl silaneSFE, supercritical fluid extraction
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , March 2000 , pp. 191 - 196
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Behki, R. M. and Khan, S. U. 1994. Degradation of atrazine, propazine, and simazine by Rhodococus strain B-30. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42: 1237–1241.Google Scholar
Cohen, S. Z., Eiden, C., and Lorber, M. N. 1986. Monitoring groundwater for pesticides. In Garner, W. Y., Honeycutt, R. C., and Nigg, H. H., eds. Evaluation of Pesticides in Groundwater. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, ACS Symposium Series 315. pp. 170–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, J. H., Bruns, V. F., and Clore, W. J. 1968. Residual monuron, diuron, and simazine in vineyard soil. Weed Sci. 16: 63–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency. 1992. Pesticides in Groundwater Database: A Compilation of Monitoring Studies, 1971-1991. Washington, DC: U.S. EPA.Google Scholar
Erickson, L. E. and Lee, K. H. 1989. Degradation of atrazine and related s-triazines. Critical Rev. Environ. Control. 19: 1–15.Google Scholar
Foy, C. L., Drake, C. R., and Pirkey, C. L. 1996. Impact of herbicides applied annually for twenty-three years in a deciduous orchard. Weed Technol. 10: 587–591.Google Scholar
Gardiner, J. A., Rhodes, R. C., Adams, J. B. Jr., and Soboczenski, E. J. 1969. Synthesis and studies with C14-labeled bromacil and terbacil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 17: 980–986.Google Scholar
Grob, K. 1981. Evaluation of capillary gas chromatography for thermolabile phenylurea herbicides. J. Chromatogr. 208: 217–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heeney, H. B., Warren, V., and Khan, S. U. 1981. Effects of annual repeat applications of simazine, diuron, terbacil, and dichlobenil in a mature apple orchard. Can. J. Plant Sci. 61: 325–329.Google Scholar
Hill, G. D., McGahen, J. W., Baker, H. M., Finnerty, D. W., and Bingeman, C. W. 1955. The fate of substituted urea herbicides in agricultural soils. Agron. J. 47: 93–104.Google Scholar
Hogue, E. J. and Neilsen, G. H. 1988. Effects of excessive annual applications of terbacil, diuron, simazine and dichlobenil on vigor, yield, and cation nutrition of young apple trees. Can. J. Plant Sci. 68: 843–850.Google Scholar
Janda, V., Steenbeke, G., and Sandra, P. 1989. Supercritical fluid extraction of s-triazine herbicides from sediment. J. Chromatogr. 279: 200–205.Google Scholar
Khan, S. U. and Marriage, P. B. 1979. Residues of simazine and hydroxysimazine in an orchard soil. Weed Sci. 27: 238–241.Google Scholar
Machado-Neto, J. G. and Victoria-Filho, R. 1995. Dissipation of herbicide residues in the soil of a citrus orchard (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) after the ninth consecutive annual application. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 55: 303–308.Google Scholar
Majek, B. A., Frecon, J. L., and Miller, L. A. 1984. Effectiveness and safety of commonly used residual herbicides for peaches. Proc. Northeast. Weed Sci. Soc. 38: 178–183.Google Scholar
Marriage, P. B., Khan, S. U., and Sardak, W. J. 1977. Persistence and movement of terbacil in peach orchard soil after repeated annual applications. Weed Res. 17: 219–115.Google Scholar
Sheets, T. J. 1964. Review of disappearance of substituted urea herbicides from soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 12: 30–33.Google Scholar
Sheets, T. J. 1970. Persistence of triazine herbicides in soils. Residue Rev. 32: 287–310.Google Scholar
Skroch, W. A., Sheets, T. J., and Monaco, T. J. 1975. Weed populations and herbicide residues in apple orchards after 5 years. Weed Sci. 23: 53–57.Google Scholar
Sorenson, B. A., Wyse, D. L., Koskinen, W. C., Buhler, D. D., Lueschen, W. E., and Jorgenson, M. D. 1993. Formation and movement of 14C-atrazine degradation products in a sandy loam soil under field conditions. Weed Sci. 41: 239–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinheimer, T. R. 1993. HPLC determination of atrazine and principle degradates in agricultural soils and associated surface and ground water. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 588–595.Google Scholar
Tworkoski, T. J. and Welker, W. V. 1996. Effect of twelve annual applications of diuron, simazine, and terbacil on a soil microbe community in West Virginia. Proc. Northeast. Weed Sci. Soc. 50: 2–6.Google Scholar
Tworkoski, T. J., Solar, J. M., and Vass, G. D. 1996. Recovery of diuron, simazine, and terbacil from soil with supercritical fluid extraction. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 36:90.Google Scholar
Tworkoski, T. J., Welker, W. V., and Vass, G. D. 2000. Weed community changes following diuron, simazine, or terbacil application. Weed Technol. 14: 197–203.Google Scholar
Weldon, L. W. and Timmons, F. L. 1961. Penetration and persistence of diuron in soil. Weeds. 9: 195–203.Google Scholar
Wheeler, J. R. and McNally, M. E. 1989. Supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography of representative agricultural products with capillary and microbore columns. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 27: 534–539.Google Scholar