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Integrating measurements of seed availability and removal to estimate weed seed losses due to predation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Paula R. Westerman ,
Matt Liebman ,
Andrew H. Heggenstaller  and
Frank Forcella
Matt Liebman
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, 3405 Agronomy Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010
Andrew H. Heggenstaller
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, 3403 Agronomy Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010
Frank Forcella
Affiliation:
North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Morris, MN, 56267
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Abstract

To better understand seed predation and enhance weed seed losses in arable fields, we developed a conceptual model that integrates seed dispersal, seed burial, and seed demand, the three processes that determine the dynamics of summer annual weed seeds on the soil surface in late summer and autumn. Published and unpublished experimental data were used to parameterize a simulation model for a number of crop–weed combinations. Sensitivity analyses of models for giant foxtail in corn and soybean indicated that factors related to seed availability were more important in determining overall seed losses due to predation than those related to seed demand. Delaying harvest date and destroying unshed weed seeds collected at harvest emerged as promising strategies to reduce seed input into the seed bank. The role of plant debris in hiding weed seeds from predators was ambiguous and requires further investigation. Estimates of overall seed losses due to predation based on model simulations in various crops and cropping systems indicated that weed seed predation could serve as an important tool in ecological weed management.

Keywords

Giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. SETFAcorn, Zea mays L.soybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrSeed predation rateseed residence timeseed shedsimulation modelweed seed losses
Type
Symposium
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 3 , June 2006 , pp. 566 - 574
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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