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The East Midlands and the Second Civil War, May to July, 1648

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

E. W. Hensman
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Extract

It would be impossible, even if it were desirable, within the limits of this essay, to give a detailed account or even an adequate summary of the causes of the outbreak of the Second Civil War ; but I may be permitted to dwell briefly upon the military conditions under which the crisis was to be met.

Type
Research Article
Information
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society , Volume 6 , December 1923 , pp. 126 - 159
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1923

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References

page 127 note 1 Shilton's, History of Newark, p. 116Google Scholar; Thomason Tracts, E. 337, passim.

page 127 note 2 E. 327 (1) and (25) ; Poynton's, Romance of Ashby-de-la-Zouch Castle, pp. 266 to 269.Google Scholar

page 127 note 3 Thompson's, History of Leicester, p. 400Google Scholar; Glover's, History of the County of Derby, I, App., p. 82.Google Scholar

page 128 note 1 Commons' Journal, V, p. 101 ; Eller's, Belvoir Castle, p. 97Google Scholar. Brief extracts from the Stathern Accounts may be seen in the Archæological Journal, Vol. LXIX, No. 274, and 2nd Series, Vol. XIX, No. 2, pp. 125–160.

page 128 note 2 Bailey's Annals of Nottinghamshire, passim. A matross was an artillery man of lower rank than a gunner. For a full description of his duties see Bailey's, Dictionary, Vol. II, 1731 edn.Google Scholar

page 128 note 3 For a list of them see E. 454 (17).

page 129 note 1 Rushworth's, Historical Collections, IV, ii. p. 992et seq.Google Scholar

page 130 note 1 Rushworth, IV, ii. p. 1016 et seq.; Gardiner's, Great Civil War, IV, pp. 84–167Google Scholar, passim. Laughorne is sometimes wrongly called Langhorne.

page 130 note 2 Rushworth, pp. 1071, 1119; E. 522 (23) and (29); Kingston's East Anglia during the Great Civil War, Chap. XIII.

page 130 note 3 Rushworth, pp. 1034, 1050, 1113; Gardiner, IV, p. 95 ; Biron to Lanerick, Hamilton Papers, Camden Society, p. 167; E. 522 (23) ; Cal. St. P. Dom., 516, p. 60.

page 130 note 4 Rushworth, pp. 1031, 1099; Whitelock, p. 302b; Gardiner, IV, p. 123.

page 131 note 1 Lords' Journal, X, p. 248, etc.; Rushworth, pp. 1070, 1099; Cal. St. P. Dom., 516, p. 60.

page 131 note 2 Gardiner, IV, p. 133; Rushworth, pp. 1108, 1113; E. 455 (10).

page 131 note 3 Cal. St. P. Dom., 516, p. 60; Whitelock, p. 304b; E. 449 (35).

page 133 note 1 E. 447 (2), 452 (15) and (28), 522 (17) and (40); Rushworth, pp. 1141, 1148; Lords' Journal, X, p. 269; Cal. St. P. Dom., 516, p. 105.

page 133 note 2 Peck's Desiderata Curiosa, 1735 edn., Lib. IX, passim; E. 449 (8) and 522 (40). Kingston, p. 263, says that Hudson escaped “in disguise, carrying a basket of apples on his head.”

page 134 note 1 E. 449 (8) and 522 (40). From the latter it would appear that the ensign, finding that his plans had miscarried, again turned traitor, and placed 160 musketeers in ambush near Crowland to intercept Hudson's men on the night of the fight at Woodcroft. Underwood was a Major, not a Colonel; see Waite's, letter, Lords' Journal, X, p. 313.Google Scholar

page 134 note 2 Lords' Journal, X, pp. 267 and 314; E. 447 (24), 522 (40).

page 134 note 3 E. 454 (17), 461 (14).

page 134 note 4 Lords' Journal, X, p. 313.

page 135 note 1 Lords' Journal, X, p. 314 ; Peck, Lib. IX, p. 45 ; Portland MSS., I. P. 455.

page 136 note 1 E. 447 (24) and 522 (40) ; Lords' Journal, X, p. 314.

page 136 note 2 Lords' Journal, X, p. 314; E. 447 (2) and (24), 449 (8), 522 (40).

page 137 note 1 Lords' Journal, X, p. 314; E. 447 (24), 449 (8), 522 (40). The barbarous details of Hudson's end, taken from Peck, appear to be traditional, and we may hope, therefore, that they are not altogether true.

page 138 note 1 Lords' Journal, X, p. 314 ; Rushworth, p. 1145.

page 138 note 2 Lords' Journal, X, pp. 314 and 328 ; Peck, Lib. IX, p. 46, Cal. St. P. Dom., 516, p. 115; Rushworth, p. 1145.

page 139 note 1 This expression is borrowed from Rushworth, p. 1039, where it is used in relation to the Poyer rebellion.

page 139 note 2 Lords' Journal, X, p. 314; E. 477 (11) and (24), 522 (37).

page 139 note 3 Lords' Journal, X, pp. 267, 268, 303, and 315 ; Commons' Journal, V, pp. 584, 585 and 607; Cal. St. P. Dom., 516, p. 109.

page 140 note 1 Letter from Market Harborough, E. 449 (29) ; Hacker to Lenthall, Portland MSS., I, p. 468. An entry in the Stathern Constables' Accounts shows that Grey was at Stathern on June 23, during one of his organizing rounds. It reads thus :— “Itt. spent at melton the 23th of June with the wel afected before me Lord Greay and Col. Hacker, 0 : 2 : 2.”

page 141 note 1 Lords' Journal, X, pp. 273, 284, 305, 357, 421 ; Commons' Journal, V, p. 587; Cal. St. P. Dom., 516, pp. 92–119, passim; Portland MSS., I. P. 455; E. 449 (40), 450 (15), 451 (29), 522 (40).

page 141 note 2 Lords' Journal, X, pp. 303 and 359 ; Commons' Journal, V, pp. 584, 585,607; Portland MSS., I, p. 455 ; Rushworth, p. 1158 ; and E. 449(40), which gives an amusing account of Markham's arrest of one of the malignants.

page 142 note 1 Hutchinson Memoirs, Firth's edn., pp. 249 and 250. Lord Biron's letter to Lanerick, Hamilton Papers, Camden Society, p. 167, indicates the approximate date of this attempt.

page 142 note 2 Lords' Journal, X, p. 278; Commons' Journal, V, p. 607; Whitelock, p. 307b; E. 522 (40).

page 143 note 1 Moderate Intelligencer, No. 17, quoted in Firth's, Hutchinson Memoirs, P. 438.Google Scholar

page 143 note 2 Rushworth, pp. 1123, 1141 ; Whitelock, p. 307b; Holmes's, Sieges of Pontefract Castle, pp. 149 and 150.Google Scholar

page 143 note 3 Holmes, pp. 243, 303, 305 ; E. 451 (7) ; Monckton Papers, ed. Peacock, p. 22.

page 144 note 1 Holmes, p. 305 ; Monckton Papers, p. 22 ; E. 451 (15).

page 144 note 2 Portland MSS., I, pp. 466, 467 ; E. 449 (40).—E. 522 (45) reports that Rossiter “caused the Boates to be taken away.” The date of this report is June 29, but the measure was probably taken before the raiders entered the island.

page 145 note 1 Portland MSS., I, 466, 467; E. 449 (40).

page 145 note 2 Portland MSS., I, pp. 466, 467 ; E. 449 (40), 450 (3). The Earls of Rutland and Lincoln strenuously opposed the occupation of their castles of Belvoir and Tattershall, and the Lords issued orders that both of them should be evacuated. The Commons, however, carried the point against them. Belvoir became Rossiter's headquarters, and Tattershall castle was still in the hands of the Roundheads on August 18, when the Lords summoned Captain Clinton, the Governor, to be sent for as a delinquent. See Lords' Journal, X, pp. 273, 284, 357, 421, 487 ; and Eller's, Belvoir Castle, pp. 95, 96.Google Scholar

page 145 note 3 Portland MSS., I, pp. 466, 467 ; Cal. St. P. Dom., 516, p. 158.

page 146 note 1 Hutchinson Memoirs, p. 253 ; E. 451 (7) and (41).

page 146 note 2 Rushworth, p. 1174 ; Monckton Papers, pp. 21, 22, and Appendix ; E. 451 (7), (15), (41), (46). Amongst the money taken from the palace, estimated at £1,100, was the sum of £171 18s. gd. belonging to the Assessments Committee. See Commons' Journal, V, p. 629, and E. 447 (14). For notes on “Captain Original Peart,” whose house was in St. Peter at Gowts, see Mansell Sympson's Lincoln.

page 147 note 1 Rushworth, p. 1174; E. 451 (7) and (15) ; Sympson, p. 136, where the Mayor's name is given as Dawson, and that of the other Alderman as Emis.

page 147 note 2 E. 449(40), 451 (7), (15), (18); Monckton Papers, Appendix. The news reached Belvoir so soon that the writer of the letter of June 30 printed in E. 451 (15) thought that the raid had begun on the day before.

page 148 note 1 Monckton Papers, App., pp. 194–196 ; E. 451 (7), (15), (18), and (41).

page 148 note 2 E. 451 (29) and (41).

page 149 note 1 Holmes, pp. 305, 306; E. 450 (3) and (26), and 451 (15), (41).

page 149 note 2 Lynn had been fortified against the Malignants in the Isle of Ely, Wisbech, March, and Whittlesey, about the middle of June. See Portland MSS., I, p. 464.

page 149 note 3 Portland MSS., I, p. 475 ; E. 451 (41).

page 150 note 1 Hutchinson Memoirs, pp. 253, 254. Monckton Papers, p. 22 ; Holmes, PP. 305, 320.

page 151 note 1 Portland MSS., I, p. 475; Holmes, p. 305 ; E. 451 (41).

page 152 note 1 E. 451 (41).

page 152 note 2 E. 451 (41) ; Monckton Papers, p. 23 ; Holmes, p. 306

page 153 note 1 Holmes, p. 306; Portland MSS., I, p. 475; E. 451 (41), 452 (13), 453 (10). Most of the Royalists fled towards Leicestershire (Cal. St. P. Dom., 516, p. 168), and the bones of men and horses found at Rempstone and East Leake, with, as I am informed, some of the field names in the neighbourhood of Wymeswold, seem to indicate places where they made their last stand.

page 153 note 2 E. 451 (41), 452 (12).

page 154 note 1 E. 451 (29) and (41), 452 (13) and (17); Rushworth, pp. 1174, 1183; Whitelock, p. 315a; Portland MSS., I, p. 477. Rushworth calls Rossiter's messenger Harwood ; but see Commons' Journal, V, pp. 627, 628. Note this entry in the Stathern Constables' Accounts :—“Itt. spent at Leicester the 6th of July when I wente before my Lord Graye about the Horses that our Towne weare charged with all in charges of Horse and selfe, 0 : 6 : 8.”

page 154 note 2 Holmes, p. 243; Hutchinson Memoirs, pp. 218, 219; E. 451 (41), 452 (13).

page 155 note 1 Poulton.

page 155 note 2 Monckton Papers, pp. 23, 44, 63 ; Hutchinson Memoirs, p. 254 ; E. 451 (41).

page 155 note 3 Stanhope's father, the Earl of Chesterfield, was captured at Lichfield in 1643, and was still a prisoner. His brother Ferdinando was slain at East Bridgford in 1644; and Philip, another brother, was mortally wounded at the storming of Shelford in 1645. See Diet. Nat. Biography. A brass tablet inscribed to Michael's memory may be seen in Willoughby church, where his body for a time lay buried.

page 156 note 1 E. 451 (41).

page 156 note 2 E. 451 (41) ; Portland MSS., I, p. 477.

page 156 note 3 Portland MSS., I, p. 477; Grey's, ZacharyExamination of Neal's History of the Puritans, III, App., p. 24Google Scholar; E. 453 (23).

page 157 note 1 Commons' Journal, V, pp. 627–629 ; Lords' Journal, X, p. 370 ; Thomason Tracts, 669, f. 12 (71) and (86); Cal. St. P. Dom., 516, pp. 172, 182. Rossiter had completely recovered from his wounds by the end of July, and, after further hard service against the Royalists, he returned to his place in the House of Commons on November 15. He was publicly thanked by the Speaker, by command of the Commons, and, on November 21, their vote of £2,000, passed in July, was confirmed by the Lords. E. 456 (20); Lords' Journal, X, p. 599; Rushworth, pp. 1315, 1332.

page 158 note 1 E. 452 (12) and (40); Rushworth, pp. 1181, 1185, 1213; Commons' Journal, pp. 626, 629, 631.

page 159 note 1 E. 451 (41), 454 (15), 457 (20), 467 (21) ; Rushworth, p. 1170.