¹ The writer's projected study of the manuscript in its Baltimore home has become a war casualty. The present paper is based on a microfilm, which is one of a series obtained through the good offices of Miss Dorothy Miner, Keeper of Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. The writer avails himself of this opportunity to tender his appreciation and gratitude to Miss Miner. The natural limitations, which the study of manuscripts through any medium short of the actual inspection of the object itself imposes on the investigator, have undoubtedly entailed the loss of valuable and sometimes obvious information concerning the manuscript. It is hoped that this may be supplied later. In the meantime, textual studies of the Beneventan and Umbrian missals in the Walters collection have been completed by the writer.Google Scholar

² Ricci, Seymour De, Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada , With the assistance of Wilson, W. J., I (New York, 1935), 774, No. 111. See the correction in II (1937), 2290, stating that this manuscript is a missal.Google Scholar

³ The present order of the folios in the manuscript is: lr-245v; 274r/246r-283v/255v; 246r/284r/256r-246v/284v/256v; 247r/257r-253v/263v.Google Scholar

⁴ Cf. a similar, but not identical Secreta and Postcommunio in Warren, F. E., ed., The Leofric Missal (Oxford, 1883), 175 (the C text); and Rule, Martin, ed., The Missal of St. Augustine's Abbey Canterbury (Cambridge, 1896), 142, note 2, where similar texts are printed from the marginal addition to a Mass entitled Sacerdotis Propria. These orations are not rare in later British missals.Google Scholar

⁵ The surviving parts of this Mass agree with the text of the Missa quam pro se sacerdos canere debet (excepting a few grammatical blunders and minor variants), on Fol. 277v/249v. The oration common to these two Masses (Suppliciter te Deus Pater omnipotens, qui es Creator … digneris absolvere) occurs in the Leofric Missal (the A text), the sacramentaries of Gellone and Angoulême, the Bobbio Missal, Missale Gothicum, the Missal of Robert of Jumièges, etc., but the Secreta and Postcommunio are uncommon.Google Scholar

⁶ Priest of Ravenna, adviser of Galla Placidia. Feast Dec. 31 in the Roman Martyrology.Google Scholar

⁷ Different script and orthography.Google Scholar

⁸ Different script, perhaps later, resembling entry for Jan. 13.Google Scholar

⁹ Different script; added or rewritten.Google Scholar

¹⁰ This entry is written between the lines for Feb. 13 and 14, in the original hand, over the name Valentinus. Agnellus, , Liber Pontificalis (PL CVI, 483A), gives Feb. 14 as the day of Eleuchadius' death. Holweck, , Biographical Dictionary of the Saints (St. Louis, 1924), states that his feast is observed Feb. 14 in Ravenna, of which he is a minor patron. Eleuchadius was the third bishop of Ravenna. Cf. Lanzoni, , Le Diocesi d'Italia dalle Origini al Principio del Secolo VII (An. 604), Studio Critico (Studi e Testi, XXXV, Faenza, 1927) II, 748.Google Scholar

¹¹ The Egyptian days, the table of hours, and the astronomical notes are almost invariably written on the right side of the column.Google Scholar

¹² On the left margin. This is the only obit in the manuscript.Google Scholar

¹³ On the left margin. Sometimes used to abbreviate “Aegyptiacus” in the phrase Dies Aegyptiacus. Google Scholar

¹⁴ In the left margin the word Aequinoctium is written opposite the 18th, solis opposite the 20th.Google Scholar

¹⁵ This is probably St. Pudentiana, whose feast the Roman Martyrology enters May 19. Following this entry, which is written in larger characters and probably colored, is the following addition written vertically down the middle of the page: Marci apostoli S. Michaelis archangeli. Google Scholar

¹⁶ Later addition.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Later addition.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Later addition.Google Scholar

¹⁹ Erasure.Google Scholar

²⁰ Later addition.Google Scholar

²¹ Later addition.Google Scholar

²² St. Francis of Assisi. Later addition.Google Scholar

²³ Later addition.Google Scholar

²⁴ Later addition.Google Scholar

²⁵ Different script.Google Scholar

²⁶ Different script.Google Scholar

²⁷ However, this may be Sabinus, the bishop and principal patron of Faenza. See Holweck, , Biographical Dictionary of the Saints , 879. Lanzoni, , Le Diocesi d'Italia, does not record Sabinus as bishop of Ravenna or Faenza; but even if he is a legendary personage, the local allusion remains intact.Google Scholar

²⁸ See Lanzoni, , op. cit. , 726, 733.Google Scholar

²⁹ Nilles, , Kalendarium Manuale Utriusque Ecclesiae Orientalis et Occidentalis , I (Oeniponte, 1896), 154 f., 420, 434, 442, 475, 488; II (1897), 416. Ehrhard, , Ueberlieferung und Bestand der hagiographischen und homiletischen Literatur der griechischen Kirche, I (Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur, L, Leipzig, 1937), 178, 206, 329, 440, 621, 626, 636.Google Scholar

³⁰ Hodgkin, , Italy and her Invaders , I, ii (Oxford 1892), 869 (Feb. 27). The dedication date of the votive church in honor of St. John the Apostle erected by Galla Placidia is Feb. 26. See Rubeus, Hieronymus, Historia Ravennatum (2 ed., Venetiis, 1590), 102.Google Scholar

³¹ Rubeus, Hieronymus, op. cit. , 277 f. (these pages are misfoliated 273, 274), ad annum MI, three times states that he read in the archive of San Vitale the documents relating to the founding of St. Adalbert's monastery on the island of Pereum, which is located just off the city of Ravenna.Google Scholar

³² Ebner, , Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte und Kunstgeschichte des Missale Romanum im Mittelalter (Freiburg, 1896), lists the following examples of the entry of St. Adalbert's name in calendars and missals of the eleventh century: Aquileia (19), Padua (Liége ? 130), Montamiate (? 164), Lorsch (247), Salzburg (352), and a Breviarium Strumense (41). It is also found in the eleventh century in the martyrology of Stavelot (PL CXXXVIII, 1196B; near Liége); the martyrology of Cod. St. Gall 339 (Cabrol, and Leclercq, , Dictionnaire d'Archéologie Chrétienne et de Liturgie VI, i [Paris 1924], 194); a gospel book written for Prüm abbey (Frere, , Studies in Early Roman Liturgy, II [Oxford 1934], 219); a martyrology of S. Maria in Trastevere (Quentin, , Les Martyrologes Historiques du Moyen Age [Paris, 1908], 43). In his Chronica Monasterii Casinensis, Leo Marsicanus, treating the first quarter of the eleventh century, records the construction of an altar in honor of St. Adalbert at Monte Cassino: altarium in ea (St. Stephen's church) sancti Adelperti quem superius factum martyrem diximus, ab occidentali parte adiunxit (PL CLXXIII, 619B). This altar may have been erected at the suggestion of Emperor Henry II, who had previously endowed St. Adalbert's monastery near Ravenna, and who visited Monte Cassino about this time.Google Scholar

³³ The numbers in parentheses following the incipits of the ordeal prayers are page references to Zeumer, K., Formulae Merovingici et Karolini Aevi. Accedunt ordines iudiciorum Dei (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum Sectio V, Hannoverae, 1886.) The writer is indebted to Rev. Dr. J. C. Plumpe for the references to MGH. The texts of these ordeal prayers are also printed in PL CXXXVIII, 1135B-1137C. Most of them may be found also in Franz, Adolf, Die kirchlichen Benediktionen im Mittelalter, II (Freiburg, 1909), and in the same writer's Das Rituale von St. Florian (Freiburg, 1904). The Pontifical of Magdalen College , edited by Wilson, H. A. (Henry Bradshaw Society, XXXIX, London, 1910) contains five of them with varying texts. Two of them are in Alcuin's Liber Sacramentorum (PL CI, 462), and others may be found scattered in various sources. The use of these texts therefore seems to have been widespread.Google Scholar

³⁴ Cf. Botte, , Le Canon de la Messe Romaine (Textes et Etudes Liturgiques, 2, Louvain, 1935), 57, No. 9. From Fol. 10v to Fol. 68v the verso pages are numbered from i to lviiii in the middle of the outer margin of the MS.Google Scholar

³⁵ Wilson, H. A., ed., The Gregorian Sacramentary Under Charles the Great (Henry Bradshaw Society, XLIX, London 1915), 2–5. Orthographical variants are omitted.Google Scholar

³⁶ St. Ambrose is also mentioned in the Missa pro Congregatione in Honore S. Mariae, Fol. 281r. The martyrology preceding the missal enters Ordinatio S. Ambrosii before the name of St. Sabinus, Dec. 7, Fol. 3v, b.Google Scholar

³⁷ The antiphonary of Cod. St. Gall 339 is facsimiled in Paléographie Musicale , I, ed. Mocquereau, (Solesmes, 1889-1891). A list of its incipits is printed in Wagner, , Einführung in die gregorianischen Melodien, 2 ed., I (Freiburg, Schweiz, 1901), 322-340.Google Scholar

³⁸ The other differences are: 2 introits; 10 introit psalms, including the following text for the first Sunday after Epiphany: Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus Deus omnipotens; 11 graduals, all occurring on Ember Saturdays; 16 gradual verses in 10 Masses; 6 offertories; 4 communions.Google Scholar

³⁹ Leroquais, V., Les Sacramentaires et les Missels Manuscrits des Bibliothèques Publiques de France , I (Paris, 1924), xxv.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ Hesbert, René-Jean, Antiphonale Missarum Sextuplex (Brussels 1935).Google Scholar

⁴¹ In the 76 Masses of the Proper of Saints common to both manuscripts the differences are: 4 introits; 3 introit psalms; 15 graduals; 8 gradual verses; 1 tract; 9 offertories; 14 communions. So many Alleluia verses are missing in the sanctoral cycle of St. Gall 339 that a useful comparison with W.11 is impossible.Google Scholar

⁴² Wilson, H. A., ed., The Gregorian Sacramentary Under Charles the Great (Henry Bradshaw Society, XLIX, London, 1915).Google Scholar

⁴³ Warren, F. E., ed., The Leofric Missal as used in the Cathedral of Exeter During the Episcopate of its First Bishop, A. D. 1050-1072 (Oxford, 1883).Google Scholar

⁴⁴ Iustus ut palma. See Wilson, , op. cit. , 84. W.11 coincides with Cod. Ottobon. 313 in numerous other peculiarities, but the latter lacks the antiphons for the first Mass of St. Lawrence.Google Scholar

⁴⁵ Lanzoni, , Le Diocesi d'Italia (n. 10, supra ), 739–748. Quentin, , Les Martyrologes Historiques, 63.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ The Mass antiphons for the feast of St. Apollinaris in St. Gall 339 are: Int., Sacerdotes dei. Ps., Memento domine. Grad., Inveni David. Nihil proficiat. All. (lacking). Off., Veritas mea. Com., Semel iuravi. For the oldest antiphonaries see Hesbert, , Antiphonale Missarum Sextuplex (Brussels, 1935), No. 128. The Alleluia verse is found only in the Corbie antiphonary, which has Posui adiutorium, and in the Senlis antiphonary, which has Inveni David. The Compiègne antiphonary lacks the feast.Google Scholar

⁴⁷ Cf. Lanzoni, , op. cit. , 743, where the special literature is listed.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ The text in question, Rom. viii, 28-39, is the third of the alternative epistles of the old Mass of all the Apostles. See Frere, , Studies in Early Roman Liturgy , III (Oxford, 1935), 20.Google Scholar

⁴⁹ The reference Require inantea, or inante, is used in a number of instances to indicate gospels and epistles that are located in a much later part of the missal (e.g., Fol. 21r, twice; 26v, twice; 29v; 84v; 94v). The first four of these references are to the Common of Saints. This fact makes the impression that MS. Walters W.11, or its model, was made from a missal or an antiphonary in which the Common of Saints was located at the beginning of the book. Inantea can hardly have the generalized sense of elsewhere, because the missal also uses the reference Require retro, and often merely gives the title of the Mass in which the epistle or gospel is to be sought. It is only fair to add that a number of references, both correct and incorrect ones, have an irregular line below their text and often through it. It is uncertain from the film whether this is intended as an underlining or as expunction.Google Scholar

⁵⁰ It may be worthy of note that of the sixteen Masses here in question three occur in September, four in November, and eight in the Common of Saints. Most of them are later Masses, but the Four Coronati, Martin, Cecilia, and Chrysogonus belong to the Gregorianum Hadriani. Google Scholar

⁵¹ These are the Masses In Dedicatione Ecclesiae; In Natali Pontificum; In Ordinatione Episcopi; the second Missa Pro Semetipso; and the second Missa Pro Iter Agentibus. In all of these at least one part is incomplete, usually the Psalm of the Introit.Google Scholar

⁵² For the Comes of Murbach see Wilmart, A., “Le Comes de Murbach,” Revue Bénédictine , XXX (1913), 25–69.Google Scholar

⁵³ Frere, W. H., Studies in Early Roman Liturgy , II (Oxford 1934), 36 f.; III (1935), 5 f., 13.Google Scholar

⁵⁴ These terms are here used in a conventional sense. “Gelasian” designates the Cod. Vat. Reginae 316, as edited by Wilson, H. A., The Gelasian Sacramentary, Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae (Oxford, 1894). “Late Gelasian” designates the group of sacramentaries of which MS. Lat. 12048 of the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris; MS. Lat. 816 of the same library; and Cod. St. Gall 348 are typical representatives. In the absence of a printed text, Pierre de Puniet. Le Sacramentaire Romain de Gellone (Rome, no date) was used for the first member of this group; for the second, the edition of Cagin, Paul, Le Sacramentaire Gélasien d'Angoulême (Angoulême 1919); for the third, the edition of Mohlberg, Kunibert, Das fränkische Sacramentarium Gelasianum in alamannischer Ueberlieferung (Liturgiegeschichtliche Quellen, Heft 1/2, 2nd ed., Münster in Westf., 1939). Occasional reference will also be made to Cod. Padua D 47 in the edition of Mohlberg, Kunibert, Die älteste erreichbare Gestalt des Liber Sacramentorum anni circuli der römischen Kirche (Liturgiegeschichtliche Quellen, Heft 11/12, Münster in Westf., 1927). Warren, F. E., ed., The Leofric Missal as used in the Cathedral of Exeter during the episcopate of its first bishop A. D. 1050–1072 (Oxford, 1883). Rule, Martin, ed., The Missal of St. Augustine's Abbey Canterbury (Cambridge, 1896. This is MS. 270 of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, written A. D. 1099 at the abbey, according to the editor). Wilson, H. A., ed., The Missal of Robert of Jumièges (Henry Bradshaw Society, XI, London, 1896). The Gregorianum Hadriani and Alcuin's Supplement are referred to according to the edition of Wilson, H. A., The Gregorian Sacramentary under Charles the Great edited from three manuscripts of the ninth century (Henry Bradshaw Society, XLIX, London 1915).Google Scholar

⁵⁵ The following abbreviations are used in the text: O: oration. O1, O2: first, second oration. S: secreta. P: postcommunio. P1, P2: first, second postcommunio. SP: oratio super populum. Gr. H.: Gregorianum Hadriani. Google Scholar

⁵⁶ Cf. Hesbert, , Antiphonale Missarum Sextuplex 48.Google Scholar

⁵⁷ Franz, , Die kirchlichen Benediktionen im Mittelalter , I, 475 ff.Google Scholar

⁵⁸ This Preface is identical with that for the same day in the Bobbio Missal (Henry Bradshaw Society, LVIII, London, 1920), No. 200, but it has a better text in W.11. If the annotator of the Bobbio Missal is correct in his tentative statement that this Bobbio Preface is not otherwise known, W.11 furnishes the first parallel to it. See Wilmart, André, Lowe, E. A., and Wilson, H. A., The Bobbio Missal, Notes and Studies (Henry Bradshaw Society, LXI, London, 1924), 124, note on No. 200-201. The Sacramentary of Angouléme, Fol. 38v. No. 612, has a similar, but shorter Preface.Google Scholar

⁵⁹ Franz, Adolf, Das Rituale von St. Florian aus dem zwölften Jahrhundert , 62 f.Google Scholar

⁶⁰ Ellard, Gerald, “Alcuin and some Favored Votive Masses,” Theological Studies , I (1940), 53, lists it among Alcuin's “Masses that show no borrowings.” Google Scholar

⁶¹ The Masses of Alcuin's Supplement for Dom. VI-XVI (Cod. Vat. Ottobon. 313) are almost identical with the Gelasian Missae pro Dominicis Diebus, No. 1-11, though they depart from the Gelasian type by retaining only one oration (usually O1). Besides this change, Alcuin and his prototype, the late Gelasian sacramentaries, substituted two postcommunions of Gelasian origin and two secretae that are not Gelasian, but derived from the source of Padua D.47.Google Scholar

⁶² Op. cit. , 53.Google Scholar

⁶³ The first and second of these prayers are printed in Franz, , Die kirchlichen Benediktionen im Mittelalter , I, 445–447, where they are ascribed to the tenth century. They are common in medieval missals. The third prayer resembles the text printed by Migne, , PL CXXXVIII, 1055 from “Vienna Cod. Theol. 685,” of the tenth century. The text in Franz, , op. cit., I, 451, is partly identical with this prayer. The third prayer is used a second time, minus its introductory phrase, in W.11 for the blessing of the fire on Holy Saturday. Cf. Franz, , op. cit., I, 513; II, 366, n. 5.Google Scholar

⁶⁴ Hesbert, , Antiphonale Missarum Sextuplex , 37.Google Scholar

⁶⁵ The references to the Gelasian Sacramentary are to book and Mass; those to Gellone J and Angoulême are to the number of the Mass; those to St. Gall 348 are to the number of the Mass in the appendix of Mohlberg's edition. Only the earliest of these sources is usually given. Parallels are not indicated.Google Scholar

⁶⁶ This secreta is found also as a marginal addition to the Mass of St. Apollinaris in the Missal of St. Augustine's Abbey , ed. Rule, , 99, n. 2.Google Scholar

⁶⁷ See De Ricci-Wilson, , Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts I, 775 No. 112. However, the manuscript is here dated too early. It was written in the second half of the eleventh century, in a Beneventan hand of the Bari type, as the writer will show elsewhere.Google Scholar

⁶⁸ PL CLI, 849.Google Scholar

⁶⁹ The editions of the sources and parallels referred to here have been listed above, notes 54 and 58. Prefaces here designated as “Gelasian” are contained in Wilson's edition of the Gelasian Sacramentary; the references are to book and number of the Mass. Those designated simply as “Gregorian” are contained in the body of the Gregorian Sacramentary; the references are to the pages of Wilson's edition. The Prefaces marked “Regin.” are contained in the appendix to the Gregorian Sacramentary in Cod. Vat. Reginae 337; those marked “Ottob.” are contained in the appendix of Cod Vat. Ottobonianus 313. In both of these cases the references are to the pages of Wilson's edition of the Gregorian Sacramentary. The reference to the Bobbio Missal is to the page of the text volume by Lowe; that to St. Gall 348 is to the number of the Mass in the appendix of Mohlberg's edition of this sacramentary.Google Scholar

⁷⁰ See above, note 58.Google Scholar

⁷¹ Wagner, , Einführung in die gregorianischen Melodien , I, 322 f.; cf. 204 n.Google Scholar

⁷² This gospel for this Mass is found in the famous palimpsest, Cod. Casinensis 271, which also contains a number of the lections of the preceding Masses in its Common of Saints. See Wilmart, , “Un Missel Grégorien,” Revue Bénédictine , XXVI (1909), 294 ff.Google Scholar

⁷³ On the foliation see the remarks at the beginning of this article. Beginning with this Mass the writing is by a second hand.Google Scholar

⁷⁴ This Mass is written by a third hand.Google Scholar

⁷⁵ From this Mass on to the end of the manuscript the writing is by a fourth hand.Google Scholar