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Psychiatric services in developing countries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

K. S. Jacob*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, India
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Abstract

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Columns
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2001 

Bass et al (Reference Bass, Peveler and House2001) have recently drawn attention to the insufficient recognition given by clinical services to somatoform disorders. Although the authors explicitly exclude children and adolescents, most of the issues they raise apply equally to the younger age groups.

It has long been known that impairing functional aches and pains unexplained by medical disorders are common in children (Reference GarraldaGarralda, 1999). As in adults, those associated with chronic widespread pain and persistent fatigue have been shown to be associated with marked functional impairment including school non-attendance, which is substantially higher than in serious chronic paediatric conditions (Reference Rangel, Garralda and LevinRangel et al, 2000). There is considerable continuity with functional symptoms in adulthood and family aggregation of health problems (Reference GarraldaGarralda, 2000). Although less extensive than in the adult literature, there is evidence for the effectiveness of psychological treatments in children (Reference GarraldaGarralda, 1999). However, the development of dedicated psychiatric—paediatric liaison services often has low priority, is poorly coordinated and monitored, and the training of paediatric staff in this area is clearly limited.

In line with Bass et al I support the view that young patients with severe forms of somatoform disorders require specialised multi-disciplinary treatment which is not appropriately administered in either a psychiatric or paediatric ward. I would echo the need for a serious joint business case between paediatric and psychiatric providers and general practitioners. Although in itself not sufficient, it might help to increase awareness and action if the Royal College of Psychiatrists were to issue guidelines on the number of paediatric liaison psychiatrists required for a given population and on job specifications.

References

Bass, C., Peveler, R. & House, A., (2001) Somatoform disorders: severe psychiatric illnesses neglected by psychiatrists. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 11-14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garralda, M. E., (1999) Practitioner review: assessment and management of somatisation in childhood and adolescence: a practical perspective. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 1159-1167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garralda, M. E., (2000) The links between somatisation in children and adults. In Family Matters: Interfaces between Child and Adult Mental Health (eds P. Reder, M. McClure & A. Jolley), pp. 122-134. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rangel, L. A., Garralda, M. E., Levin, M., et al (2000) The course of chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 93, 129-134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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