Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T16:47:02.941Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Psychiatric Disorder in Women from an Edinburgh Community: Associations with Demographic Factors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

P. G. Surtees ,
C. Dean ,
J. G. Ingham ,
N. B. Kreitman ,
P. McC. Miller  and
S. P. Sashidharan
P. G. Surtees
Affiliation:
University Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, Scotland
C. Dean
Affiliation:
University Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, Scotland
J. G. Ingham
Affiliation:
University Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, Scotland
N. B. Kreitman
Affiliation:
University Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, Scotland
P. McC. Miller
Affiliation:
University Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, Scotland
S. P. Sashidharan
Affiliation:
University Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, Scotland
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The prevalence of psychiatric disorder was determined according to alternative diagnostic criteria in a random sample of 576 women from an Edinburgh community. Whichever diagnostic system was applied, significantly higher rates of disorder were found among the working class, the unemployed and women who were divorced, widowed, separated or cohabiting; in the subgroup of women who met all these conditions, up to half were found to satisfy the diagnostic criteria. The observed prevalence estimates can be explained as the effects of each demographic factor acting independently, no interaction effects being needed. Our results are discussed in relation to the findings of others, and in terms of the statistical issues involved.

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 142 , Issue 3 , March 1983 , pp. 238 - 246
Copyright
Copyright © 1983 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bagley, C. (1973) Occupational class and symptoms of depression. Social Science and Medicine, 7, 327–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bebbington, P., Hurry, J., Tennant, C., Sturt, E. & Wing, J. K. (1981) Epidemiology of mental disorders in Camberwell. Psychological Medicine, 11, 561–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G. W. & Harris, T. O. (1978) Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Brown, G. W. & Prudo, R. (1981) Psychiatric disorder in a rural and an urban population: 1. Aetiology of depression. Psychological Medicine, 11, 581–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buglass, D., Duffy, J. & Kreitman, N. (1980) A Register of Social and Medical Indices by Local Government Area in Edinburgh and the Lothians, Parts I and II. Central Research Unit Paper, Scottish Office.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1960) A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 37–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, J. E., Copeland, J. R. M., Brown, G. W., Harris, T. & Gourlay, A. J. (1977) Further studies on interviewer training and inter-rater reliability of the Present State Examination. Psychological Medicine, 7, 517–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dean, C., Surtees, P. G. & Sashidharan, S. P. Comparison of research diagnostic systems in an Edinburgh community sample. (In Press. British Journal of Psychiatry).Google Scholar
Dohrenwend, B. P. & Dohrenwend, B. S. (1969) Social Status and Psychological Disorder: A Causal Inquiry. New York: Wiley-Interscience.Google Scholar
Eastwood, M. R. (1981) Editorial. Epidemiology and depression. Psychological Medicine, 11, 229–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Everitt, B. S. & Smith, A. M. R. (1979) Interactions in contingency tables: a brief discussion of alternative definitions. Psychological Medicine, 9, 581–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faris, R. & Dunham, H. W. (1939) Mental Disorders in Urban Areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Fienberg, S. E. (1977) The Analysis of Cross-Classified Categorical Data. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Finlay-Jones, R., Brown, G. W., Duncan-Jones, P., Harris, T., Murphy, E. & Prudo, R. (1980) Depression and anxiety in the community: replicating the diagnosis of a case. Psychological Medicine, 10, 445–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galtung, J. (1967) Theory and Methods of Social Research. London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Goldthorpe, J. & Hope, K. (1974) The Social Grading of Occupations: A New Approach and Scale. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Grizzle, J. E., Starmer, C. F. & Koch, G. G. (1969) Analysis of categorical data by linear models. Biometrics, 25, 489–504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hollingshead, A. B. & Redlich, F. C. (1958) Social Class and Mental Illness: A Community Study. New York: Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kish, L. (1965) Survey Sampling. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Langner, T. & Michael, S. (1963) Life Stress and Mental Health. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Noyes, A. & Kolb, L. (1958) Modern Clinical Psychiatry, 5th Ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.Google Scholar
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (1970) Classification of Occupations, 1970. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J. & Robins, E. (1978) Research Diagnostic Criteria: Rationale and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 773–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Srole, L., Langner, T. S., Michael, S. T., Opler, M. K. & Rennie, T. A. C. (1962) Mental Health in the Metropolis. New York. McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Sturt, E., Bebbington, P., Hurry, J. & Tennant, C. (1981) The Present State Examination used by interviewers from a survey agency: Report from the MRC Camberwell Community Survey. Psychological Medicine, 11, 185–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uhlenhuth, E. H., Lipmann, R. S., Balter, M. B. & Stern, M. (1974) Symptom intensity and life stress in the city. Archives of General Psychiatry, 31, 759–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warheit, G. J., Holzer, C. E. & Schwab, J. J. (1973) An analysis of social class and racial differences in depressive symptomatology: A community study. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 14, 291–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weissman, M. M. & Myers, J. K. (1978a) Rates and risks of depressive symptoms in a United States urban community. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 57, 219–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weissman, M. M. & Myers, J. K. (1978b) Affective disorders in a US urban community: the use of Research Diagnostic Criteria in an epidemiological survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 1304–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weissman, M. M. & Myers, J. K. (1980) Psychiatric disorders in a US community. The application of Research Diagnostic Criteria to a resurveyed community sample. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 62, 99–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wing, J. K., Cooper, J. E. & Sartorius, N. (1974) The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wing, J. K., Henderson, A. S. & Winckle, M. (1977a) The rating of symptoms by a psychiatrist and a non-psychiatrist: a study of patients referred from general practice. Psychological Medicine, 7, 713–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wing, J. K., Nixon, J. M., Mann, S. A. & Leff, J. P. (1977b). Reliability of the PSE (ninth edition) used in a population study. Psychological Medicine, 5, 505–16.Google Scholar
Wing, J. K. & Sturt, E. (1978) The PSE-ID-CATEGO System: Supplementary Manual. London: MRC Social Psychiatry Unit.Google Scholar
Woodruff, R. A., Robins, L. N., Winokur, G. & Reich, T. (1971). Manic-depressive illness and social achievement. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 47, 237–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.