¹ Zarri, Gabriella, ‘Living Saints: A Typology of Female Sanctity in the Early Sixteenth Century’, in Bornstein, Daniel and Rusconi, Roberto, eds, Women and Religion in Medieval and Renaissance Italy (Chicago, IL, 1996), 219–303.Google Scholar

² Gotor, Miguel, Chiesa e santità nell’Italia moderna (Rome, 2004), 34–41 Google Scholar; Ditchfield, Simon, Liturgy, Sanctity and History in Tridentine Italy: Pietro Maria Campi and the Preservation of the Particular (Cambridge, 1995), 215–17 Google Scholar; idem, ‘Tridentine Worship and the Cult of Saints’, in R. Po-Chia Hsia, ed., CHC 6, Reform and Expansion 1500–1660 (Cambridge, 2007), 201–24; Burke, Peter, ‘How to be a Counter-Reformation Saint’, in von Greyerz, Kaspar, ed., Religion and Society in Early Modern Europe 1500–1800 (London, 1984), 45–55.Google Scholar

³ Mdina, Archives of the Inquisition, Malta, Proceedings 115A, fol. 141^r [hereafter: AIM and Proc]

⁴ Proc. 109B, fol. 535^v

⁵ Proc. 114A, fols 123^v-126^v.

⁶ For one such woman, see Fulvio Tomizza, Heavenly Supper: The Story of Maria Janis, trans. Anne Jacobson Schutte (Chicago, IL, 1991). On this topic, consult Caroline Walker Bynum, Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food for Medieval Women (Berkeley, CA, 1987).

⁷ Proc. 80, fol. 112^v.

⁸ Proc. 110B, fols 571^r-v.

⁹ Proc. 86B, fol. 561^r.

¹⁰ Ibid., fol. 547^v.

¹¹ Proc. 80, fol. 129^r.

¹² Proc. 114A, fol. 107^r.

¹³ Proc. 96C, fol. 953^r.

¹⁴ For Stefana Quinzani’s sufferings of the passion, through which she helped souls in purgatory, see Cordelia Warr, ‘Performing the Passion: Strategies for Salvation in the Life of Stefana Quinzani (d. 1530)’, in Clarke, Peter and Claydon, Tony, eds, The Church, the Afterlife and the Fate of the Soul, SCH 45 (Woodbridge, 2009), 218–27.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Proc. 80, fol. 128^r.

¹⁶ Proc. noB, fol. 565^r.

¹⁷ Proc. 115A, fol. 116^r.

¹⁸ Proc. 110B, fols 567^r-v.

¹⁹ Proc. 135B, fol. 796^v.

²⁰ Prosperi, Adriano, Tribunali della coscienza (Turin, 1996), 434Google Scholar. For a discussion of these developments see also Andrea Del Col, L’Inquisizione in Italia dal XII al XXI Secolo (Milan, 2006), 659–80.

²¹ Gotor, M., I beati del papa. Santità, inquisizione e obbedienza in età moderna (Florence, 2002).Google Scholar

²² Keitt, Andrew W., Inventing the Sacred: Imposture, Inquisition, and the Boundaries of the Supernatural in Golden Age Spain (Leiden, 2005).Google Scholar

²³ On this topic, consult for Italy Gabriella Zarri, ‘Pietà e profezia alli Corti Padane. Le pie consigliere dei principi’, in eadem, Le santé vive. Profezie di corte e devozione femminile tra ‘400 e ‘500 (Turin, 2000), 51–86. For Spain, see Bilinkoff, Jodi, The Avila of Saint Teresa: Religious Reform in a Sixteenth-Century City (Ithaca, NY, 1989).Google Scholar

²⁴ Kegan, Richard L., Lucrecia’s Dreams: Politics and Prophecy in Sixteenth Century Spain (Berkeley, CA, 1990)Google Scholar; Caffiero, Marina, ‘Le profetesse di Valentano’, in Zarri, Gabrielle, ed., Finzione e santità tra medioevo ed età moderna (Turin, 1991), 493–517.Google Scholar

²⁵ For the case of Francisca de los Apóstoles who in 1574 demanded the return of Archbishop Bartolomé Carranza to his see of Toledo from Rome, see Ahlgren, T. W., ed. and trans., The Inquisition of Francisca: A Sixteenth-Century Visionary on Trial (Chicago, IL, 2005).Google Scholar

²⁶ Proc. 96C, fol. 982^r.

²⁷ Proc. 8613, fol. 547^v.

²⁸ On this topic, see Giovanna Paolin, ‘Confessione e confessori al femminile. Monache e direttori spirituali in ambito veneto tra ‘600 e ‘700’, in Zarri, ed., Finzione e santità, 366–88.

²⁹ St Teresa of Avila, ‘The Book of her Life’, in The Collected Works of St. Teresa of Avila, trans. Kavanaugh, Kieran and Rodriguez, Otilio, 3 vols (Washington, DC, 1976), 1: 43.Google Scholar

³⁰ Schutte, Anne Jacobson, ‘Tra Scilla e cariddi. Giorgio Polacco, donne e disciplina nella Venezia del seicento’, in Zarri, Gabriella, ed., Donna, disciplina, creanza cristiana dal XV al XVII secolo (Rome, 1996), 215–36.Google Scholar

³¹ Proc. 92A, fols 56^r-63^v.

³² Schutte, Anne Jacobson, ‘Questo non è il ritratto che ho fatto io: Painters, the Inquisition, and the Shape of Sanctity in Seventeenth-Century Venice’, in Florence and Italy: Studies in Honour of Nicolai Rubinstein, ed. Denley, Peter and Elam, Caroline (London, 1988), 419–31.Google Scholar

³³ For a rare case from Italy, see Ferrazzi, Cecilia, Autobiography of an Aspiring Saint, trans, and ed. Schutte, Anne Jacobson (Chicago, IL, 1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³⁴ Gotor, Miguel, ‘La riforma dei processi di canonizzazione dalle carte del Sant ‘Uffizio 1588–1642’, in L’Inquisizione e gli storici. Un cantiere aperto (Rome, 2000), 279–88.Google Scholar

³⁵ For the validity of these vitae, and whether they reflected the thoughts of the women or were tempered with by the confessor, see Schutte, Anne Jacobson, ‘Un caso di santità affettata. L’autobiografia di Cecilia Ferrazzi’, in Zarri, , ed., Finzione e santità, 329–42 Google Scholar, at 329–30.

³⁶ Proc. 141, fols 6–17^v.

³⁷ Proc. 80, fol. 112^v.

³⁸ Proc. 86B, fols 572^r-573^v.

³⁹ Proc. 96C, fol. 956^v.

⁴⁰ Coakley, John, ‘Gender and the Authority of Friars: The Significance of Holy Women for Thirteenth-Century Franciscans and Dominicans’, ChH 60 (1991), 445–60.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Sluhovsky, Moshe, Believe not every Spirit: Possession, Mysticism, and Discernment in Early Modern Catholicism (Chicago, IL, 2007), 175–9 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Elliott, Dyan, ‘Seeing Double: John Gerson, the Discernment of Spirits, and Joan of Arc’, American Historical Review 107 (2002), 26–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴² Elliott, Dyan, Proving Woman: Female Spirituality and Inquisitional Culture in the Later Middle Ages (Princeton, NJ, 2004), 266–9 Google Scholar. For a virulent tirade against the female sex, see Kramer, H. and Sprenger, J., Malleus Maleficarum, trans. Montague Summers (London, 1971), 111–25.Google Scholar

⁴³ For his inquisitorial procedure, see McGuire, Brian Patrick, ‘Education, Confession, and Pious Fraud: Jean Gerson and a Late Medieval Change’, American Benedictine Review 47 (1996), 310–38 Google Scholar, at 330–3. See also Elliott, Proving Women, 283–5.

⁴⁴ For one such copy, see AIM, Miscellanea [hereafter: Misc.] 2. On this treatise, see Biondi, Albano, ‘L’ “inordinata devozione” nella Prattica del Cardinale Scaglia (ca. 1635)’, hi Zarri, , ed., Finzione e santità, 306–25 Google Scholar. Scaglia was also the author of the Instructio which condemned the abuses practised in the pursuit of witches; see Tedeschi, John, ‘The Roman Inquisition and Witchcraft: An Early Seventeenth-Century “Instruction” on Correct Trial Procedure’, in idem, The Prosecution of Heresy (Binghamton, NY, 1991), 205–27.Google Scholar

⁴⁵ For the care and rigour of inquisitorial investigation of ‘pretence’ cases, see Black, Christopher, The Italian Inquisition (New Haven, CT, 2009), 156–7.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Haliczer, Stephen, Between Exaltation and Infamy: Female Mystics in the Golden Age of Spain (Oxford, 2002), 125–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴⁷ Proc. 86B, fols 551^r-v.

⁴⁸ Proc. 92A, fol. 60^r.

⁴⁹ Proc. 115A, fol. 143^r.

⁵⁰ Proc. 110B, fols 570^r-571^v.

⁵¹ Proc. 80, fol. 112^v; Proc. 86B, fols 552^v, 546^r.

⁵² This heresy was condemned in 1687 by Pope Innocent XI, in the bull Coelestis Pastor. On 15 November of that same year, Inquisitor Vidoni issued a decree ordering all books and manuscripts relating to this heresy to be burnt: Proc. 86A, fol. 150^r. For a general overview, besides Massimo Petrocchi, Il Quietismo italiano del seicento (Rome, 1948), see the more recent Marilena Modica, L’«infetta dottrina». Misticismo e Quietismo nella seconda metà del seicento (Catania, 2001).

⁵³ Proc. 96C, fols 949^r-1021^v.

⁵⁴ Proc. 86B, fol. 548^r.

⁵⁵ Proc. 96C, fol. 974^r.

⁵⁶ Proc. 86B, fol. 563^r.

⁵⁷ This report was confirmed by two exorcists, who affirmed that, rather than being possessed, she was ‘misled by her own imagination’: ibid., fols 583^r—584^r.

⁵⁸ On how the inquisitor was to proceed with these nuns, see AIM, Misc. 2, 65–8. For one such nun, Benedetta Carlini, see Brown, Judith C., Immodest Acts: The Life of a Lesbian Nun in Renaissance Italy (Oxford, 1986).Google Scholar

⁵⁹ Gentilcore, David, Healers and Healing in Early Modern Italy (Manchester, 1998), 166–7.Google Scholar

⁶⁰ AIM, Proc. 96C, fols 1020^v-1021^r.

⁶¹ AIM, Corrispondenza 13, fol. 204^r: Barberini to Visconti, 4 June 1678.

⁶² Perry, Mary Elizabeth, ‘Beatas and the Inquisition in Early Modern Seville’, in Haliczer, Stephen, ed. and trans., Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe (London, 1987), 148.Google Scholar

⁶³ Vauchez, André, Santi, profeti e visionari. Il soprannaturale nel medioevo (Bologna, 2000), 247.Google Scholar