Secular and Religious Motivation in the Pilgrimage of Grace

A. G. Dickens

doi:10.1017/S042420840000499X

Secular and Religious Motivation in the Pilgrimage of Grace

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 March 2016

A. G. Dickens

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A. G. Dickens*: Affiliation:
Professor of History in the University of London

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There can be few English historians still maintaining a lively interest in their fields over half a century after the publication of a major work, but this is happily true of the Misses Madeleine and Ruth Dodds, with whom I corresponded not many months ago. Their extensive two-volume work The Pilgrimage of Grace and the Exeter Conspiracy disentangled with admirable system and discretion the huge deposit of evidence calendared (sometimes too summarily) in the Letters and Papers of Henry VIII. As a work of narrative history their book seems unlikely to call for major revisions, and it demands the warmest recognition from every student of Tudor history. Though its judgments are in general sober and well-grounded, its deep sympathies have possibly tended to encourage those who for various reasons wanted to idealise the Pilgrimage and overestimate its creative possibilities.

Type: Research Article
Information: Studies in Church History , Volume 4: The Province of York , 1967 , pp. 39 - 64

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S042420840000499X [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 1967

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^{Page 39 of note 1} Cambridge, 1915, cited below as Dodds.

^{Page 39 of note 2} Cited below as L.& P.; these items occupy much of vols. XI and XII.

^{Page 40 of note 1} London, 1921, cited as Reid.

^{Page 40 of note 2} L. & P., VIII, 863, 893, 984, 991-4; IX, 150,196, 371; on other con temporaneous northern disorders see ibid. 1008, 1030, 1046.

^{Page 41 of note 1} York Civic Records (Yorks. Arcbaeol. Soc. Record Series), IV, 1-3; L. & P., X, 733.

^{Page 41 of note 2} References in Reid, 129.

^{Page 41 of note 3} Ibid. 126.

^{Page 41 of note 4} Yorks. Archaeol. Journal, XXXIII (1937), 298-308.

^{Page 41 of note 5} Ibid. XXXIII (1938), 397-417.

^{Page 41 of note 6} Ibid. XXXIV (1939), 151-69, 379-98.

^{Page 41 of note 7} Dickens, A. G., Lollards and Protestants in the Diocese of York (London 1959) cited as Lollards, 53-131Google Scholar.

^{Page 41 of note 8} Three are especially relevant, Change and Continuity in the Tudor North (Borthwick Papers, no. 27, 1965) describes the rise of Lord Wharton. A Tudor Magnate and the Tudor State (ibid., no. 30, 1966) is a study of the fifth Earl of Northumberland. The First Earl of Cumberland and the Decline of northern Feudalism is in Northern History, I (1966), 43-69. These are cited below respectively as Change and Continuity; A Tudor Magnate; The First Earl of Cumberland.

^{Page 42 of note 1} Norfolk had about 8000, and was possibly faced by as many as 40,000 northerners (L. & P., XI, 759, 909).

^{Page 43 of note 1} On this phase of the Percies see de Fonblanque, E. B., Annals of the House of Percy (London 1887), I, ch. viii, ixGoogle Scholar; Dodds, I, 31 ff.; Reid, 115 ff.; James, M. E. in Surtees Soc., CLXIII, pp. xiv–xvi Google Scholar, in A Tudor Malnate and in The First Earl of Cumberland (where, pp. 61-7, he has some fresh views on the sixth Earl’s motives); J. M. W. Bean, The Estates of the Percy Family (1958); Dickens, A. G. in Surtees Soc, CLXXII, 44-8Google Scholar, 104-11, and also in Archaeological Journal, CXII, 95-9.

^{Page 43 of note 2} L.&P., XII(1), 369 (p. 166).

^{Page 44 of note 1} References in Reid, 133-4; James, Change and Continuity, 21.

^{Page 45 of note 1} Ibid. 20-23; The First Earl of Cumberland, 46-57, passim.

^{Page 46 of note 1} On these see Reid, 130 ff.

^{Page 46 of note 2} See L.&P., VIII, Preface, pp. ii-iv; 1, 750 (p. 283), 1018; XII (1), 1080; and the references in the two subsequent notes.

^{Page No 46 Note} He wanted to send an emissary to Charles V, bring over an Imperial force to the mouth of the Thames, and arrange for a Scots invasion (L. & P., VII, 1206). On the parallel case of Lord Hussey, see Dodds, Index, s.v., especially i, 21-5.

^{Page 47 of note 1} L. & P., XI, 563, 605, 627, 664, 692, 739, 760, 761.

^{Page 47 of note 2} See his conversation with Somerset Herald (14 Nov.) printed in Dodds, I, 304.

^{Page 47 of note 3} Reid, 138.

^{Page 47 of note 4} Catherine of Aragon (London 1963), 286-90 and references, 328-9.

^{Page 47 of note 5} L. & P., XII (1), 976.

^{Page 48 of note 1} On Durham and Northumberland, see Dodds, I, 192; on Lancashire, ibid. I, 212 ff.

^{Page 48 of note 2} On Cumberland-Westmorland, see ibid. I, 192, 225-6, 370-72, and James, Change and Continuity, 19, 24-5.

^{Page 48 of note 3} Here the commons had little regard for the Church; they wandered about in bands, returning home at night (Dodds, I, 208-9).

^{Page 48 of note 4} Dodds, I, 226, compares Richmondshire with Cumberland-Westmor land and depicts it as a centre of the revolt against enclosures and rising rents.

^{Page 49 of note 1} Eng. Hist. Rev., V (1890), 72-3.

^{Page 49 of note 2} On this rising see Dodds, II, 55-98; Lollards, 92-106.

^{Page 50 of note 1} Bigod’s Treatise concerning Impropriations (c. 1535) is reprinted and discussed in my volume Tudor Treatises (Yorks. Arcbaeol. Soc. Record Series, CXXV).

^{Page 50 of note 2} L.&P., XII (1), 201 (p. 92), 370 (p. 168). The original was lost.

^{Page 51 of note 1} See e.g. G. R. Elton, Star Chamber Stories, ch. vi; J. S. Purvis, Select XVIth Century Cases in Tithe (Yorks. Archaeol. Soc. Record Series, CXIV).

^{Page 51 of note 2} L. & P., XII (1), 18, 185.

^{Page 51 of note 3} L. & P., XII (1), 687 (p. 304).

^{Page 51 of note 4} The Lincolnshire rising is well described by Dodds, I, 89-130.

^{Page 51 of note 5} L. & P., XI, 853.

^{Page 52 of note 1} Dodds, I, 101-2.

^{Page 52 of note 2} State Papers of Henry VIII, I, p. 463.

^{Page 52 of note 3} Woodward, G. W. O. in EHR, LXXI (1961), 385–401 CrossRef Google Scholar.

^{Page 53 of note 1} Printed in full, EHR, V, 330-45; 550-73.

^{Page 53 of note 2} Ibid. V, 561-2.

^{Page 53 of note 3} Savine, A., English Monasteries on the Eve of the Dissolution (Oxford 1909), 285-7Google Scholar.

^{Page 54 of note 1} EHR, V, 335-6.

^{Page 54 of note 2} It is given by Chapuys as a main cause of the Yorkshire plot of 1541 (Calendar of State Papers, Spanish, VI (1), 163).

^{Page 54 of note 3} E.g. Knaresborough Wills (Surtees Soc., CIV), pp. xi, xxiii.

^{Page 55 of note 1} Discussion and references in Dickens, A. G., The English Reformation (London 1964), 147–66 Google Scholar.

^{Page 55 of note 2} Dickens, A. G. in Surtees Soc, CLXXII, 34-7Google Scholar.

^{Page 55 of note 3} Woodward, G. W. O., The Dissolution of the Monasteries (London 1966),93 ffGoogle Scholar.; references for most of these cases are scattered in Dodds. Aske encouraged restorations at the small houses in York city; he nevertheless took steps to record the rights of the new owners (Dodds, I, 178-9).

^{Page 56 of note 1} On Sawley, see Woodward, , op. cit., 86, 94–7 Google Scholar; Dodds, I, 213; II, 85-6; III, 129.

^{Page 56 of note 2} L. &P., XII (1), 201 (pp. 98-102).

^{Page 56 of note 3} Dodds, I,147.

^{Page 56 of note 4} Ibid. I, 41-3; Lollards, 83-6.

^{Page 56 of note 5} L. & P., XII (1), 1172.

^{Page 56 of note 6} L. & P., XII (1), 1035, 1269.

^{Page 57 of note 1} E.g. L. & P., X, 186 (38); XI, 805,1080; XII (1), 185,687 (1) and (2).

^{Page 58 of note 1} L. & P., XI, 1246, article 1. On St German, see Van Baumet, F. L. in American Hist. Rev., XLII (1937), 631 ffGoogle Scholar.

^{Page 58 of note 2} Article 7; compare article 8 and L. & P., XII (1), 901 (31). In article 11 they demand the punishment of Legh and Layton.

^{Page 58 of note 3} Dixon, R. W., Hist, of the Church of England (London 1884), I, 404-9Google Scholar. What appears to be the Melchiorite Christology was attributed in 1534 to one of Bigod’s chaplains (L. &- P., XII (1), 899).

^{Page 59 of note 1} Of the many cases cited by Dodds (see Index, s.v. New Learning) the greater number come from other areas.

^{Page 59 of note 2} Referenced accounts are in Dodds, I, 382-6 and in Lollards, 163-5.

^{Page 59 of note 3} On Dakyn, see A. G. Dickens, The Marian Reaction in the Diocese of York (Borthtvick Institute, 1957), pt. I, 7-8.

^{Page 60 of note 1} EHR, V, 570.

^{Page 60 of note 2} Ibid. V, 559.

^{Page 60 of note 3} References in Dodds, I, 343, 347.

^{Page 60 of note 4} EHR, V, 559.

^{Page 61 of note 1} I give references in Surtees Soc., CLXXII, 37, note 94.

^{Page 61 of note 2} Lollards, 79-81; Whatmore, L. E. in Downside Review, LX (1942), 325–8 CrossRef Google Scholar,

^{Page 61 of note 3} L. & P., XII (1), 652.

^{Page 61 of note 4} On Magnus, see Dickens, The English Reformation, 44-5; Lollards, 155, 159.

^{Page 62 of note 1} Article 3; Dodds, i. 355-6.

^{Page 62 of note 2} Rupert, Taylor, The Political Prophecy in England (Columbia Univ. Press 1911)Google Scholar; Ward, H. L.D., Catalogue of Romances . . . in the British Museum (London 1883); Lollards, 126-30Google Scholar.

^{Page 63 of note 1} On the ideas of Miintzer, see Rupp, E. G. in Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, XLIX (1958), 13–26 Google Scholar, in Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, XLIII (1961), 492-519, and also in ibid., XLVIII (1966), 467-87.

^{Page 63 of note 2} L. & P., XII (1), 687 (1). See James, The First Earl of Cumberland, p. 59.

^{Page 63 of note 3} Cohn, N., The Pursuit of the Millennium (London 1957)Google Scholar.

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