Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T09:46:43.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘But where shall my soul repose?’: Nonconformity, Science and the Geography of the Afterlife, c. 1660–1720

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

Andrew Cambers*
Affiliation:
Lancaster University

Extract

Life, the afterlife, and life beyond the Earth are matters of scientific inquiry as well as religious belief. As we might expect, in the wake of the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century, the afterlife was subjected to new scrutiny. Such scrutiny, notably the demonology of Joseph Glanvill and Henry More, both fellows of the Royal Society, was undoubtedly scientific and serious, even if it has rarely been treated as such by scholars preferring to treat belief in witchcraft as a hangover from an earlier age. Far from being opposed, or necessarily pulling in opposite directions, the conjunction of science and religion in this era breathed new life into old problems and opened up new questions for debate. One such area, with a long history as a philosophical conundrum, was the possibility of life beyond Earth. It is this question, its place within religious cultures, and its relation to traditional ideas about the afterlife, that is the subject of this essay.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Glanvill, Joseph, Saducismus triumphatus (London, 1681).Google Scholar For a powerful corrective, see Clark, Stuart, Thinking with Demons: The Idea of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe (Oxford, 1997)Google Scholar, ch. 19.

2 On the plurality of worlds, see especially Bruno, Giordano, De l’infinito universo e mondi (London, 1584)Google Scholar; Hill, Nicholas, Philosophia epicurea, democritiana, theophrastica (Paris, 1601)Google Scholar; Kepler, Johannes, Dissertatio cum nuncio sidereo (Prague, 1610)Google Scholar; Melanchthon, Philip, Initia doctrina physicae (Wittenberg, 1550).Google Scholar

3 See Cressy, David, ‘Early Modern Space Travel and the English Man in the Moon’, AHR 111 (2006), 96182.Google Scholar

4 For example, Swedenborg, Emanuel, De telluribus in mundo nostri (London, 1758)Google Scholar. Unlike Swedenborg, not everyone claimed to be able to communicate with extra-terrestrials.

5 This biographical sketch is drawn from San Marino, CA, Huntington Library, MS HM 6131, ‘A narrative; or an historical account of the most materiali passages in the life of John Rastrick etc’ For further detail, see Cambers, Andrew, ed., The Life of John Rastrick, 1650–1727 (Cambridge, forthcoming)Google Scholar. Rastrick made reference to the Canons of the Synod of Dort, ch. 2, art. 6 (The Judgement of the Synode holden at Dort, Concerning the five Articles (London, 1619), 19): ‘But forasmuch as many beeing called by the Gospel doe not repent, nor beleeve in Christ, but perish in their infidelitie, this comes not to passe for want of, or by any insuffiency of the sacrifice of Christ offered upon the crosse, but by their owne proper fault.’

6 See ODNB, s.v. ‘Richards, William (1749–1818)’.

7 Rastrick did not elaborate on the theology of the ‘antinomian’ faction, but his use of the term was more likely polemical than descriptive.

8 See Richards, William, The History of Lynn, 2 vols (Lynn, 1812),2: 106364 Google Scholar. For Salter’s Hall, see Watts, Michael. R., The Dissenters, 2 vols (Oxford, 1978-95), 1:37182 Google Scholar. The publications of Clarke, Jackson, Waterland and Peirce are well charted in ODNB.

9 Richards, History of, 2: 1060–61.

10 Schaffer, Simon, ‘Newton’s Comets and the Transformation of Astrology’, in Curry, Patrick, ed., Astrology, Science and Society: Historical Essays (Woodbridge, 1987), 21943 Google Scholar, at 219.

11 Porter, Roy, The Making of Geology: Earth Science in Britain 1660–1815 (Cambridge, 1977), 87.Google Scholar

12 Almond, Philip C., Heaven ana Hell in Enlightenment England (Cambridge, 1994), 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

13 Rastrick, John, An account of the nonconformity of John Rastrick, M. A. Sometime Vicar of Kirkton, near Boston, in Lincolnshire (London, 1705)Google Scholar; Huntington Library, MS HM 6131; Washington, DC, Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V. a. 472, ‘Note-book of a dissenting minister, ca. 1695–1707’. Rastrick’s poems are reproduced in Richards, History of Lynn, 2: 1065–66; Sylvanus Urban, The Gentleman’s Magazine: and Historical Chronicle 59 (1789), 1033–34, with commentary at 977; and Evans, John, Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Rev. William Richards (Chiswick, 1819), 163 Google Scholar. For Rastrick’s letters, see Atkinson, D. H., Ralph Thoresby the Topographer: His Town and Times, 2 vols (Leeds, 1885-87), 2: 41819 Google Scholar; The Diary of Ralph Thoresby, ed. J. Hunter, 2 vols (London, 1830), 2: 331–2; and London, Dr Williams’s Library, MS 24.115, fols 44–46. For Rastrick’s will, see Norwich, Norfolk Record Office, Will Register, Kirke, 82–84.

14 Richards, , History of Lynn, 2: 1062.Google Scholar

15 Norwich, Norfolk Record Office, Will Register, Kirke, 83.

16 Huntington Library, MS HM 6131, fols 14v, 16r, 29r.

17 Ibid. fol. sar.

18 Ibid, fols 60r-61r, 74r-v.

19 Ibid, fols 74v-75r.

20 Ibid. fol. 74V; More, Henry, The immortality of the soul (London, 1659), 529, 541 Google Scholar; idem, Democritus platonissans; or, an essay upon the infinity of worlds out of platonick principles (Cambridge, 1646), stanzas 76, 77, 93.Google ScholarPubMed

21 Rastrick, John, ‘An evening hymn’, in Evans, William Richards, 163.Google Scholar

22 Rastrick, John, ‘The dissolution’, as printed in Urban, Sylvanus, The Gentleman’s Magazine: and Historical Chronicle 59 (1789), 103334 Google Scholar. An alternative version, lacking one verse, is reproduced in Richards, History of Lynn, 2: 1065–6.

23 Swift, Jonathan, Gulliver’s Travels (London, 1726)Google Scholar, Part 3, ch. 2; for Laputa as a satire on Whiston, see Wroth, Chris, ‘Swift’s “Flying Island”: Buttons and Bomb-Vessels’, Review of English Studies 42 (1991), 34360.Google Scholar