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Life Beyond the Grave: New Churches in York and the Afterlife, c. 1982–2007

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

David Goodhew*
Affiliation:
Fulford, York

Extract

Most studies of Christianity in recent British history are pessimistic about church life in Britain, varying only in the depth of their pessimism. Alongside the assumption that Christianity in Britain is in inexorable decline is the assumption that traditional Christian notions about the afterlife – and indeed stress on the afterlife at all – are fast disappearing. Even studies of charismatic Christianity, the most recent major Christian movement, see it as stagnant or in decline. However, a study of the city of York shows such pessimism to be overstated. Whilst mainline denominations are mostly in slow or rapid decline, a large number of ‘new churches’ have arisen. This paper shows how these churches perceive the afterlife. It uncovers a rich seam of contemporary theology from below. Though largely unknown to those outside its congregations, this strand of belief is already of considerable significance and is likely to become more so in the twenty-first century. This paper offers contemporary religious history, showing that dramatic shifts within Christian history are not solely the preserve of previous centuries, but have taken place in recent decades.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 2009

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References

1 Davie, G., Religion in Britain since 1945 (Oxford, 1994)Google Scholar; Brown, C., The Death of Christian Britain (London, 2001)Google Scholar; Bruce, S., God is Dead: Secularisation in the West (Oxford, 2002).Google Scholar

2 See, for instance, Hastings, A., A History of English Christianity 1920–85 (London, 1987), 64959 Google Scholar. Hastings offers a discussion of late twentieth-century Christianity in which the afterlife is largely passed over.

3 Hunt, S., Hamilton, M. and Walter, T., eds, Charismatic Christianity: Sociological Perspectives (Basingstoke, 1997)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Percy, M., ‘A Place at High Table? Assessing the Future of Charis matic Christianity’, in Davie, G., ed., Predicting Religion: Christian, Secular and Alternative Futures (Aldershot, 2003), 95108.Google Scholar

4 New churches tend to fly beneath the radar of contemporary academic discourse, but background to their growth can be found in Hunt, Hamilton, and Walter, , eds, Charismatic Christianity;, Kay, W., Penlecostals in Britain (Carlisle, 2000)Google Scholar; Thompson, L. J., ‘New Churches in Britain and Ireland’ (unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Queen’s University, Belfast, 2000).Google Scholar

5 A selection of the churches discussed here have been analysed by Warner, R., ‘York’s Evangelicals and Charismatics: An Emergent Free Market in Voluntarist Religious Activities’, in Kim, S. and Kollontai, P., eds, Community Identity: Dynamics of Religion in Context (London 2007), 183202.Google Scholar

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9 Statistics are based on my own observations and information supplied by the leaders I have interviewed. LEP, ‘Local Ecumenical Project; CF, ‘Christian Fellowship; NFI, ‘New Frontiers International’; YCC, ‘York Community Church’; YEC, ‘York Evangelical Church’.

10 Gil, Myth, 199.

11 The ‘Free Church’ category includes a handful of the new congregations, without which Free Church decline would be more pronounced.

12 Interview with Colin Runciman (York Evangelical Church), 23 May 2007; cf. the websites at <http://www.kcy.org.uk>; <http://www.rockchurch.org.uk>.

13 Interviews with Steve Hurd (York City Church), 6 June 2007; Graham Hutchinson (Elim York), 11 June 2007; Jim McNaughton (York Community Church), 27 June 2007; Steve Redman (The Ark), 4 May 2007; Dave Shore (Global), 18 June 2007; David Stephens (Crossroads Christian Fellowship), 19 June 2007; John Wilson (Gateway Christian Fellow ship), 7 June 2007.

14 Interviews with Hutchinson; Hurd; David Lavery (Kings Church), 16 May 2007; Mike Salmon (Calvary Chapel York), 17 May 2007; Redman; Shore; Stephens; Wilson. For Stott’s views, see Dudley-Smith, Timothy, John Stott: A Global Ministry (Leicester, 2001), 35155.Google Scholar

15 Interview with Stephens.

16 Interview with Wilson.

17 Interview with Salmon.

18 Interview with Lavery.

19 Interview with Salmon.

20 Interview with Shore; cf. Pawson, David, Unlocking the Bible Omnibus: A Unique Overview of the Whole Bible (London, 2003).Google Scholar

21 Interviews with Hutchinson, Hurd, Stephens.

22 Interviews with Salmon; Wooldridge, Derek (Chinese Church, York), 27 June 2007.Google Scholar

23 Interview with Christian Salvaratnam (G2), 27 June 2007.

24 Interview with Shore.

25 On the growth of a this-worldly approach to Christianity in a different context, see, in this volume, Gifford, Paul, ‘African Christianity and the Eclipse of the Afterlife’, 41329.Google Scholar

26 Interview with Bishop Stephen Armitage (Syrian Orthodox Church), 11 May 2007. Similar views were expressed in an interview with Elwyn Richards (Antiochian Orthodox Church), 25 May 2007.

27 Calvary Chapel tas planted in Bridlington and Harrogate; New Frontiers International (the parent body for York City Church) have planted in Hull and Teesside (Interviews with Salmon, Hurd).

28 Greeley, A., Religion in Europe at the End of the Second Millennium: A Sociological Profile (New Brunswick, NJ, 2003), xi, 7374 Google Scholar; Kay, Pentecostals in Britain; Thompson, , ‘New Churches in Britain and Ireland’, 221 Google Scholar. Studies of Swansea, Hull and Kendal suggest limited new church growth, but it should be noted that such towns are relatively ‘poor soil’ compared to larger, more cosmopolitan centres: see Chambers, P., Religion, Secularisation and Social Change in Wales: Congregational Studies in a Post-Christian Society (Cardiff, 2005)Google Scholar; Forster, P., ed., Contemporary Mainstream Religion: Studies from Humberside and Lincolnshire (Aldershot, 1995)Google Scholar; Heelas, P. and Woodhead, L., The Spiritual Revolution: Why Religion is Giving Way to Spirituality (Oxford, 2005).Google Scholar

29 Brown, Death of Christian Britain; Bruce, God is Dead.