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Finding a Space for Evangelicalism: Evangelical Youth Movements in New Zealand

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

Peter J. Lineham*
Affiliation:
Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Extract

Voluntary religious societies may be viewed either as powerful instruments for mobilising the Christian community, or as bodies which divert its energies from their proper function. They tend to be enclaves where distinctive values and activities are encouraged and confirmed. They have been marked by a greater degree of internationalism than the broader church, no doubt because their narrowness and specificity make their transfer outside their home context less problematic. Evangelical voluntary organisations provide good illustrations of these features. It is the intention of this paper to examine the establishment of two evangelical movements which appeared in the distinctive environment of New Zealand. One of them, the Inter-Varsity Fellowship, is a well-known force in twentieth-century voluntarism in the western world. The other ultimately became a branch of the Children’s Special Service Mission, now known as Scripture Union, but it began as a movement unique to New Zealand, as its original name, the Crusader Movement, suggests. The origins of these two evangelical voluntary societies in New Zealand give some indication of the potential and problems of new evangelical movements.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 1986

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References

1 Gregory, Ken, Stretching out continually: a history of the New Zealand Church Missionary Society 1892-1972 (Christchurch 1972) pp. 1619 Google Scholar.

2 Murray, J.S., A Century of Growth: Presbyterian Overseas Mission Work 1869-1969 (Christchurch 1969) p. 24 Google Scholar; Loane, M.L., The Story of the China Inland Mission in Australia and New Zealand 1890-1964 (Sydney 1965) p. 13 Google Scholar.

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5 See Cyclopedia of New Zealand (Christchurch 1905) 4, Otago and Southland Provincial Districts p. 356.

6 Lineham, P.J., No Ordinary Union: The story of the Scripture Union Children’s Special Service Mission and Crusader Movement of New Zealand 1880-1980 (Wellington 1980) p. 12 Google Scholar.

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13 See New Zealand Evangelist I (1848-9) pp. 256-7.

14 See Johnson, D., Contending for the Faith: A History of the Evangelical Movement in the Universities and Colleges (Leicester 1979) pp. 87148 Google Scholar.

15 See Lineham, No Ordinary Union pp. 35-51; H. Guinness, Journey among Students (Sydney 1978) pp. 42-73.

16 See Marsden, George M., Fundamentalism and American Culture: the shaping of twentieth-century Evangelicalism (New York 1980)Google Scholar.

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19 See Pound, G.R., ‘Reverend J.W. Kemp and the Baptist Tabernacle’ (University of Auckland M.A. thesis 1978)Google Scholar; R.L. Roberts, ‘The Growth of Inter-denominational Mission Societies in New Zealand’ (University of Auckland M.A. thesis 1977).

20 Wellington, Tertiary Students Christian Fellowship Archives, A3d/5, J.J. North to J.M. Laird, 9 November 1943.

21 See W.H. Pettit, ‘Experiences in Christian Work among New Zealand Students’ in N.Z. Inter-Varsity Papers No. 2: The Inter-Varsity Fellowship of Evangelical Unions (N.Z.), A Sketch of its Origins, Doctine and Practice (Wellington c. 1940) pp. 22-36.

22 C. Stacey Woods, The Growth of a Work of God. The story of the early days of the Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship of the United States of America (Downers Grove 1978) pp. 16-18. There is a specific reference to the League in Auckland E.S.F. records, TSCF Archives, A2C/003, A.W. Morton to B. Williams, 31 May 1932.

23 Wellington, TSCF Archives, D. Penman, Notes on Auckland.

24 Wellington, Scripture Union Archives, H. Guinness to R.S. Cree Brown, II April 1930, cited in Lineham, No Ordinary Union p. 42.

25 Wellington, SU Archives, Crusader Movement Minutes, vol I (1930-35) pp. 226-231 (meeting of 17 July 1934).

26 Wellington, SU Archives, Report of J.M. Laird to Crusader Council, 8 June 1931, cited in Lineham, No Ordinary Union pp. 163-4.

27 Wellington, TSCF Archives, A2C/010, Graham Miller to Basil Williams, 30 Sep tember 1935.

28 Report of Laird, cited in Lineham, No Ordinary Union p. 163.

29 Wellington, TSCF Archives, P.J. Lineham, ‘Evangelical Witness at Canterbury University: a history of the EU/CU 1930-1974’ (1974) p. 7.

30 Wellington, TSCF Archives, A2a/o21, W.H. Pettit to IVF, 27 September 1946 and reply, 18 October 1946.

31 Wellington, TSCF Archives, A2C/002, J.S. Burt to B. Williams, [1932]; See also Leicester, Universities and Colleges Christian Fellowship Archives, J.S. Burt to D. Johnson, 7 October 1933.

32 Fellowship of Evangelical Unions in the Universities of Australia and New Zealand, Prayer Letter, third term 1933; ibid, first term 1934. Copies held in UCCF Archives.

33 Wellington, TSCF Archives, A2C/001 B.H. Williams to Mr. Moore and other correspondents, 10 May 1932.

34 Wellington, SU Archives, Crusader Movement Minutes, vol 1 pp. 262-6 (meetings of 21 May and 18 June 1935).

35 Ibid. pp. 266-70 (meeting of 23 July 1935); Wellington, TSCF Archives, A2C/006, A.U.C.E.U. Executive to E.U. Executive members, 30 July 1935.

36 Christchurch, H. Thomson, ‘Substance of a Conference between Mr. C. StaceyWoods, Dr. J.M. Laird, Mr. M. Wilson and the Executive of the Otago Evangelical Union in the home of Mrs. Cree Brown, 2nd term, 1935’, question 11.

37 Wellington, SU Archives, Crusader Prayer Letter, 5 September 1935.

38 Wellington, TSCF Archives, A2C/007, Scheme for I.V.F. (N.Z.). Summary of replies to A.U.C.E.U.; A2C/010, Graham Miller to B.Williams, 30 September 1935.

39 Wellington, SU Archives, Crusader Movement Minutes, vol 1 pp. 274-7 (meeting of 31 August 1935).

40 Lineham, ‘Evangelical Witness at Canterbury University’ p. 10.

41 I.V.F. Papers No. 2 pp. 22-36; and letters to The Student cited in ibid. pp. 12-17

42 Wellington, Alexander Turnbull Library, SCM Archives, file 33, Jean Archibald to College Executives, 24 March 1932.

43 Wellington, TSCF Archives, IVF General Committee Minutes, vol 1, pp. 37-8 (meeting of 12 May 1939).

44 Wellington, TSCF Archives, A2d/002, Ivan Moses, Memorandum to Executive on the Nature and Scope of I.V.F., July 1946.