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The Contingent Negative Variation Laterality and Dynamics in Antisaccade Task in Normal and Unmedicated Schizophrenic Subjects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

Anna V. Kirenskaya ,
Vadim V. Myamlin ,
Vladimir Y. Novototsky-Vlasov ,
Mikhail V. Pletnikov  and
Inesa B. Kozlovskaya
Anna V. Kirenskaya*
Affiliation:
Serbsky National Research Centre for Social and Forensic Psychiatry (Russia)
Vadim V. Myamlin
Affiliation:
Serbsky National Research Centre for Social and Forensic Psychiatry (Russia)
Vladimir Y. Novototsky-Vlasov
Affiliation:
Serbsky National Research Centre for Social and Forensic Psychiatry (Russia)
Mikhail V. Pletnikov
Affiliation:
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (USA)
Inesa B. Kozlovskaya
Affiliation:
State Research Centre RF Institute for Biomedical Problems (Russia)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Anna V. Kirenskaya. Serbsky National Research Centre for Social and Forensic Psychiatry, Kropotkinsky by-st. 23, 119992, Moscow (Russia). Phone: +7-4997442159. Fax: +7-4956372275. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Contingent negative variation (CNV) topography, hemispheric asymmetry and time-course were investigated in healthy subjects and non-medicated paranoid schizophrenic patients in two antisaccade paradigms with the short (800-1000 ms) and long (1200-1400 ms) durations of the fixation period. EEG and electrooculogram (EOG) were recorded. Saccade characteristics and mean amplitudes of slow cortical potentials time-locked to peripheral target were analyzed in 23 healthy volunteers and 19 schizophrenic patients. Compared to healthy control subjects, schizophrenic patients had significantly slower antisaccades and committed significantly more erroneous saccades in the both antisaccade tasks. The prolongation of the fixation period resulted in noticeable decrease of error percent in patients group. The analysis of CNV time-course has revealed two distinct stages in both groups. The early CNV stage was represented by a negative wave with the maximal amplitude over midline fronto-central area, and the late stage was characterized by increased CNV amplitude at the midline and left parietal electrode sites. In healthy subjects the simultaneous activation of frontal and parietal areas was observed in the paradigm with the shorter fixation interval; the increase of the fixation period produced consecutive activation of these areas. Schizophrenic patients' CNV amplitude was generally smaller than that of healthy subjects. The most pronounced between-group differences of the negative shift amplitude were revealed at frontal electrode sites during the early CNV stage in both modifications of the antisaccade task. The deficit of frontal activation revealed in patients at the early stage of antisaccade preparatory set in both antisaccadic paradigms may be related to pathogenesis of paranoid schizophrenia.

Se ha investigado la topografía de la variación contingente negativa (CNV), su curso temporal, y asimetría hemisférica en sujetos normales y en pacientes esquizofrénicos paranoides no medicados durante dos paradigmas de movimientos antisacádicos con duración corta (800-1000 ms) y larga (1200-1400 ms) del periodo de fijación. Se registraron el EEG y electro-oculograma. Las características de los movimientos sacádicos y las amplitudes medias de los potenciales corticales lentos relacionados a objetivos periféricos se analizaron en 23 voluntarios sanos y 19 pacientes esquizofrénicos. Comparados con el grupo sano control, los pacientes esquizofrénicos tuvieron movimientos antisacádicos significativamente más lentos y cometieron significativamente más movimientos sacádicos erróneos en ambas tareas antisacádicas. La prolongación del periodo de fijación resultó en un decremento notable del porcentaje de errores en el grupo de pacientes. El análisis del curso temporal de la CNV ha revelado dos etapas distintas en ambos grupos. La etapa temprana de la CNV estuvo representada por una onda negativa con amplitudes máximas en regiones fronto-centrales de la línea media y la etapa tardía estuvo caracterizada por un incremento de la amplitud de la CNV en electrodos parietales izquierdos y de la línea media. En sujetos sanos se observó activación simultánea de áreas parietales y frontales durante el paradigma de intervalo de fijación corto; el incremento del periodo de fijación produjo activación consecutiva de estas áreas. La amplitud de la CNV de pacientes esquizofrénicos fue generalmente menor que la de los sujetos sanos. Las diferencias más pronunciadas entre-grupos en la amplitud de la deflección negativa fueron evidentes en electrodos frontales durante la etapa temprana de la CNV en ambas modificaciones de la tarea antisacádica. El déficit de la activación frontal demostrado en pacientes durante el estado temprano de la preparación antisacádica en ambos paradigmas puede estar relacionado con la patogénesis de la esquizofrenia paranoide.

Keywords

antisaccadesslow cortical potentialsContingent Negative Variationschizophrenic patientsmovimientos antisacádicospotenciales corticales lentosVariación Contingente Negativapacientes esquizofrénicos
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , November 2011 , pp. 869 - 883
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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