The contributions to this cluster resulted from a symposium held at Queen Mary University of London in autumn 2010. I wish in particular to thank Catriona Kelly, who helped organized this symposium.

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4. On various understandings of the notion of culture, see Williams, Raymond, Culture ([London], 1981), 9–14.Google ScholarPubMed For an influential anthropological definition of culture, see Geertz, Clifford, The Interpretation of Cultures (New York, 1973), 3–30.Google Scholar

5. Hall, Stuart, “Whose Heritage? Un-Settling ‘The Heritage,’ Re-Imagining the Post-Nation,” in Fairclough, Graham J., Harrison, Rodney, Jameson, John H. Jr., and Schofield, John, eds., Heritage Reader (London, 2008), 219.Google Scholar Emphasis added.

6. See Byrne, Denis, “Heritage as Social Action,” in Fairclough, , Harrison, , Jameson, , and Schofield, , eds., Heritage Reader, 151.Google Scholar

7. Lowenthal, David, The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History (Cambridge, Eng., 1998), 89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

8. Ibid., 104.

9. Ibid., 128-29.

10. Davison, Graeme, “Heritage: From Patrimony to Pastiche,” in Fairclough, , Harrison, , Jameson, , and Schofield, , eds., Heritage Reader, 35–36.Google Scholar

11. On the tension between heritage professionals, who presume to determine the value of heritage for future generations, and local communities, see Byrne, “Heritage as Social Action,” 168-69.

12. Cecil, Clementine, Harris, Edmund, Bronovitskaia, Anna, and Khrustaleva, Marina, eds., Moscow Heritage at Crisis Point 2004-2007 (Moscow, 2007)Google Scholar; Bronovitskaia, Anna, Cecil, Clementine, and Harris, Edmund, eds., Moscow Heritage at Crisis Point, vol. 2 (Moscow, 2009)Google Scholar; Stadnikov, Vitalii, Cecil, Clementine, and Gozak, Audrey, eds., Samara: Endangered City on the Volga (Samara, 2009)Google Scholar; Cecil, Clementine and Minchenok, Elena, eds., St. Petersburg: Heritage at Risk (St. Petersburg, 2012)Google Scholar.

13. Moscow Heritage at Crisis Point 2004-2007, 100. Somewhat different figures are to be found in Konstantin Mikhailov, “Uroki moskovskogo pogroma,” Khronika unichtozheniia staroi Moskvy: 1990-2006 (Moscow, 2006), 7.

14. Quoted in Mikhailov, “Uroki moskovskogo pogroma,” 15.

15. For a more detailed analysis, see Schönle, Andreas, Architecture of Oblivion: Ruins and Historical Consciousness in Modern Russia (DeKalb, 2011), 219-30.Google Scholar

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17. Lowenthal, Heritage Crusade, 139-41.

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22. See Marietta Chudakova, Nekhoroshaia lestnitsa (Moscow, 2009). Short version at Marietta Chudakova, “Istoriia ‘Nekhoroshei’ lestnitsy,” at http://www.bulgakovmuseum.ru/house-10/stairs (last accessed 21 September 2012). On the Bulgakov graffiti, see Bushnell, John, “A Popular Reading of Bulgakov: Explication des Graffiti,” Slavic Review 47, no. 3 (Fall 1988): 502-11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

23. The project resulted in a photographic exhibit and an album, Gleb Ershov and Stanislav Savitskii, Progulki za iskusstvom (St. Petersburg, 2008).

24. The Moscow Cultural Walks (Moskultprog) present a related if slightly less irreverent, more historical, and more public cousin to these promenades. For a description, see Benton, Tim and Cecil, Clementine, “Heritage and Public Memory,” in Benton, Tim, ed., Understanding Heritage and Memory (Manchester, Eng., 2010), 33–40.Google Scholar

25. Ershov, Gleb and Savitskii, Stanislav, “Gde Kifer? I gde Bois?” in Ershov, and Savitskii, , Progulki za iskusstvom, 13.Google Scholar

26. Gerasimenko, Pavel, “Progulka po Bateninskomu zhilmassivu,” in Ershov, and Savitskii, , Progulki za iskusstvom, 28.Google Scholar

27. Ershov, Gleb and Savitskii, Stanislav, “Krugom vozmozhno iskusstvo,” in Ershov, and Savitskii, , Progulki za iskusstvom, 84.Google Scholar

28. Ershov and Savitskii, “Gde Kifer? I gde Bois?” 12.

29. See George Orwell, 1984, at http://www.gutenberg.net.au/ebooks01/0100021.txt(last accessed 21 September 2012).