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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 February 2017
1 Verlinden B.V. v. Cent. Bank of Nigeria, 461 U.S. 480, 487-88 (1983).
2 Id. at 488.
3 See, e.g., Nat’l City Bank of New York v. Republic of China, 348 U.S. 356 (1955).
4 See Republic of Austria v. Altmann, 541 U.S. 677, 690 (2004).
5 Verlinden, 461 U.S. at 488.
6 See Schooner Exchange v. McFaddon, 11 U.S. 116, 137 (1812).
7 State Immunity Act, 1978, c. 33, § 15.
8 See State Immunity Act, R.S.C., ch. S-18, § 15 (1985) (Canada); State Immunity Act § 17 (1979) (Singapore); State Immunity Ordinance § 16 (1981) (Pakistan); Foreign States Immunities Act § 16 (1981) (South Africa).
9 See generally Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain, 542 U.S. 692 (2004).
10 Tenney v. Brandhove, 341 U.S. 367, 373-74 (1951).
11 Dole Food Co. v. Patrickson, 538 U.S. 468, 479 (2003); see also Altmann, 541 U.S. at 696.
12 Nat’l City Bank of New York, 348 U.S. at 362.
13 See Altmann, 541 U.S. at 729-30 (Kennedy, J., dissenting) (immunity principles should account for how foreign states “shape their conduct” through diplomatic exchanges).