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The Evolving Intervention Regime in Africa: From Basket Case to Market Place?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2017

Jeremy Levitt
Jeremy Levitt*
Affiliation:
DePaul University College of Law
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Abstract

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Type
Peacemaking Practices “from the South”: Africa’s Influence
Information
Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting , Volume 96 , 2002 , pp. 136 - 143
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2002

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References

1 For an analysis of the legality of these interventions see, Levitt, Jeremy, African Interventionist States and International Law, in Furley, Oliver and May, Roy (eds.) African Interventionist States (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2001)Google Scholar. Since the MISAB intervention took place under the auspices of an ad hoc group of states rather than a regional organization, it will be referred to only casually in the analysis that follows.

2 Treaty of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), May 28, 1975) (on file with author).

3 ECOWAS Protocal on Non-Aggression, April 22, 1978, reprinted in 6 Regional Peace-Keeping and International Enforcement: the Libérián Crises 18-19 (M. Weller ed., 1994) [hereinafter Regional Peace-Keeping]; ECOWAS Protocol Relating to Mutual Assistance on Defence, May 29, 1981, reprinted in Regional Peace-Keeping, at 19-24.

4 Economic Community of West African States Revised Treaty, Article 58 Regional Security, July 24, 1993 (on file with author).

5 See Levitt, Jeremy, Humanitarian Intervention by Regional Actors in Internal Conflicts: The Cases of ECOWAS in Liberia and Sierra Leone, 12 Temple Int’l & Comp. L.J. 363 (1998)Google Scholar.

6 Framework Establishing the ECOWAS Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, and Resolution, Peace-keeping, and Security, meeting of Ministers of Defence, Internal Affairs and Security, Banjul, July 23-24, 1998, adopted, Heads of State meeting, Abuja, October 30-31, 1998, in African Legal Materials, Afr. J. Int’l & Comp. L. 148 (Mar. 1999).

7 Protocol Establishing the ECOWAS Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, and Resolution, and Peace-keeping, and Security, UN Doc. A/DEC.12/10/99, Lome, Togo, Dec. 10, 1999 (on file with author).

8 Contemporary International Organisations and Treaties: Selected Documents, Institute for Strategic Studies University of Pretoria (Ad hoc Pub. No. 34) 91-93 (M. Hough & A Du Plessis eds., Oct. 1997).

9 Id. at 95, Art. 5, Objective (c).

10 The Southern African Development Community (SADC) Organ for Politics, Defence and Security, Gaborone, Botswana, June 28, 1996, in Africa: Selected Documents on Political, Security, Humanitarian and Economic Issues, Institute for Strategic Studies University of Pretoria (Ad hoc Pub. No. 33) 32-35 (M. Hough & A Du Plessis eds., Nov., 1999).

11 Protocol on Politics, Defence and Security in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Region, in African Legal Materials, Afr. J. Int’l & Comp. L. 197 (Mar. 1999).

12 Constitutive Act of the African Union, Adopted by the Thirty-Sixth Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, 11 July 2000—Lome, Togo. The Act came into force eight months later (Mar. 2001) after receiving ratification by two-thirds of the member states of the OAU.