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Catastrophic Environmental Damage and the Gulf War Reparation Awards: The Experience of the UN Compensation Commission

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2017

Peter H. Sand
Peter H. Sand*
Affiliation:
University of Munich; Environmental (“F4”) Claims, United Nations Compensation Commission (1999-2005)
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Abstract

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Type
International Law and the Liability for Catastrophic Environmental Damage
Information
Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting , Volume 105 , 2011 , pp. 430 - 433
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2011

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References

1 Cymie Payne & Peter Sand, Gulf War Reparations and the UN Compensation Commission: Environ Mental Liability (2011). On the UNCC generally, see its website at http://www.uncc.ch.

2 For comparison: the 1989 Exxon Valdez spilled 120,000 tons; the 2010 Deep-water Horizon rig spilled 580,000 tons.

3 Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, U.N. Doc. A/56/10 43 (2001).

4 U.N. Doc. S/RES/687 (Apr. 3, 1991), 30 I.L.M. 846 (1991).

5 Report and Recommendations Made by the Panel of Commissioners Concerning the Third Installment of “F4” Claims, para. 43, U.N. Doc. S/AC.26/31 (Dec. 18, 2003), 43 I.L.M. 713 (2004) (reiterated in the subsequent fourth and fifth “F4” installments in 2004 and 2005).

6 For detailed analysis, see Peter H. Sand, Environmental Damage Claims from the 1991 Gulf War: State Responsibility and Community Interests, in from Bilateralism to Community Interest: Essays in Honour of Judge Bruno Simma 1241 (Ulrich Fastenrath et al. eds., 2009).

7 See especially UNCC Governing Council Decision 258 Concerning a Follow-up Program for Environmental Claims Awards (Dec. 8, 2005), U.N. Doc. S/AC.26/258 (2005), 35 Envtl. Pol’y & L. 276 (2005).

8 Signed at Cartagena on March 24, 1983, and ratified both by the United States and Mexico; 221. L.M. 221 (1983).

9 U.N. Secretary-General, Oil Slick on Lebanese Shores: Rep. of the Secretary-General, para. 27, U.N. Doc. A/ 65/278 (Aug. 11, 2010); see also UN General Assembly Resolution, para. 5, 65/147 (Nov. 18, 2010).

10 Signed at Barcelona on February 16, 1976 (amended in 1995), and ratified both by Israel and Lebanon; 15 I.L.M. 290 (1976).

11 Wolfrum, Rüdiger, Langenfeld, Christine & Minnerop, Petra, Elements of Coherency in the Conception of International Environmental Liability Law, in Environmental Liability in International Law: Towards A Coherent Conception 497 (Wolfrum, Rüdiger et al. eds., 2005)Google Scholar.