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Accountability of International Organizations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2017

Gerhard Hafner*
Affiliation:
University of Vienna

Abstract

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Type
Can International Organizations Be Controlled? Accountability and Responsibility
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2003

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References

1 See e.g., Minding Our Business: The Role of Corporate Accountability in Sustainable Development. An NGO report to the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (last modified Mar. 28, 1997) is available at <http://www.corporate-accountability.org/docs/tobistat.htm>.

2 See the commentary on Article 1 reproduced in James Crawford, the International Law Commission’s Articles on State Responsibility: Introduction, Text and Commentaries 77-80 (2002).

3 Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, para. 43 (G.E.M. Anscombe trans., 1953).

4 Ratner, Steven R., Democracy and Accountability: The Criss-Crossing Paths of Two Emerging Norms; Democratic Governance and International Law (Fox, Gregory H. & Roth, Brad R. eds., 2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

5 See Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of Its Fiftieth Session, UN Gaor, 53rd Sess., Supp. No. 10, at 218, UN Doc. A/53/10 (1998), available at <http://www.un.org/law/ilc/reports/1998/98repfra.htm>.

6 See id.

7 See United Nations, The Work of the International Law Commission 69-70 (5th ed. 1996). For the text of the Convention, see id. at 392.

8 See id. at 92-98. For the text of the Convention, see id. at 464.

9 See Report of the International Law Commission, UN Gaor, 55th Sess., Suppl. No. 10, at 299, UN Doc. A/55/10 (2000), available at <http://www.un.org/law/ilc/reportfra.htm>.

10 See Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its Forty-Ninth Session, UN Gaor, 52nd Sess., Suppl. No. 10, at 154, UN Doc. A/52/10 (1997), available at <http://www.un.org/law/ilc/reportfra.htm>.

11 See 2000 Report of the International Law Commission, supra note 9, at 290.

12 International Law Commission, Report on the Work of its Fifty-Fourth Session, UN Gaor, 55th Sess., Suppl. No. 10, at 228, UN Doc. A/57/10 (2002), available at <http://www.un.org/law/ilc/reportfra.htm>.

15 Id.

14 Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, opened for signature Mar. 29, 1972, 24 UST 2389, 961 UNTS 187.

15 The First Report was presented to the 68th Conference of the ILA at Taipei, see The International Law Association, Report of 68th Conference, Taipei 1998,584; the second was submitted to the 70th Conference in New Delhi; see, The International Law Association, Report of 70th Conference, New Delhi 2002, at 772.

16 See Report of 70th Conference, supra note 15, at 786.

17 Id. at 773.

18 In this respect the following principles are listed as belonging to the full scope of accountability: (1) good faith; (2) constitutionality; (3) institutional balance; (4) supervision and control; (5) stating the reasons for decisions or a particular course of action; (6) proportionality; (7) procedural regularity; (8) objectivity and impartiality; (9) due diligence; and (10) promoting justice. See id. at 774.

19 Id. at 774.

20 Reinisch, August, Securing the Accountability of International Organizations, in 7 Global Governance a Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 131, 131 (2001)Google Scholar.

21 These difficulties generated the new discussion of the legal regime of reservations in the ILC.

22 The first genuinely multilateral convention was the Declaration of Paris of 1815, Krystyna Marek, Contribution à l’Etude de l’Histoire du Traité Multilatéral, in Festschrift Für Rudolf Bindeschedler 17, 17-18 (Emanuel Diez et al. eds., 1980).