Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T13:40:46.285Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comparative zinc and lead toxicity tests with Arctic marine invertebrates and implications for toxicant discharges

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2009

Peter M. Chapman  and
Cathy McPherson
Peter M. Chapman
Affiliation:
EVS Consultants, 195 Pemberton Avenue, North Vancouver, British Columbia, V7P 2R4, Canada
Cathy McPherson
Affiliation:
EVS Consultants, 195 Pemberton Avenue, North Vancouver, British Columbia, V7P 2R4, Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Epontic and benthic amphipods (Onisimus litoralis, Onisimus juveniles, Gammarus setosus, Anonyx nugax, and A. makarovi) and a pelagic mysid (Mysis oculatus) were collected under ice at Little Cornwallis Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. They were exposed, on site, to dissolved zinc and lead to determine lethal concentrations (LC50s). Incidental information was obtained on salinity and temperature tolerance. Subsequent testing of a temperate amphipod and oyster larvae exposed to the two metals provided comparative data to augment a literature review. The Arctic invertebrates were surprisingly insensitive under all test conditions. The implications for Arctic developments, particularly those involving near-shore, point-source discharges, are discussed and recommendations are made for effectively expanding a presently depauperate Arctic marine toxicity database.

Type
Articles
Information
Polar Record , Volume 29 , Issue 168 , January 1993 , pp. 45 - 54
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aarset, A.V., and Aunaas, T.. 1987. Osmotic responses to hyposmotic stress in the amphipods Gammarus wilkitzkii, Onisimus glacialis and Parathemisto libellula from Arctic waters. Polar Biology 7 (4): 189–193.Google Scholar
Ahsanullah, M. 1976. Acute toxicity of cadmium and zincto seven invertebrate species from Western Port, Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 27: 187–196.Google Scholar
Ahsanullah, M., and Arnott, G.H.. 1978. Acute toxicity of copper, cadmium, and zinc to larvae of the crab Paragrapsus quadridentatus (H. Milne Edwards), and implications forwaterquality criteria. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 29: 1–8.Google Scholar
American Public Health Association. 1989. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 17th edition. Washington DC: American Public Health Association, American Waterworks Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation.Google Scholar
American Society for Testing and Materials. 1989. Standard guide for conducting static acute toxicity tests starting with embryos of four species of saltwater bivalve molluscs. In: Annual book of ASTM standards, water and environmental technology. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials, 368–384.Google Scholar
Bellan-Santini, D. 1980. Relationship between populations of amphipods and pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin 11: 224–227.Google Scholar
Calabrese, A., Collier, R.S., Nelson, D.A., and Macinnes, J.R.. 1973. The toxicity of heavy metals to embryos of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica. Marine Biology 18: 162–166.Google Scholar
Chapman, P.M. 1991. Environmental quality criteria–what typeshould we be developing? Environmental Science and Technology 25: 1352–1359.Google Scholar
Chapman, P.M., and Brinkhurst, R.O.. 1984. Lethal and sublethal tolerances of aquatic oligochaetes with reference to their use of a biotic index of pollution. Hydrobiologia 115: 139–144.Google Scholar
Chapman, P.M., Dexter, R.N., and Long, E.R.. 1987. Synoptic measures of sediment contamination, toxicity and infaunal composition (the Sediment Quality Triad) in San Francisco Bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series 37: 75–96.Google Scholar
Chapman, P.M., Farrell, M.A., and Brinkhurst, R.O.. 1982. Relative tolerances of se lected aquatic oligochaetes to combinations of pollutants and environmental factors. Aquatic Toxicology 2: 69–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Committee on Water Quality Criteria. 1972. WaterOuality Criteria 1972. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Danielsson, L.G., Magnusson, B., and Westerlund, S.. 1978. An improved metal extraction procedure for the determination of trace metals in seawater by graphite furnace AA. Analytics Chimica Ada 98: 45–57.Google Scholar
Dear, L., and Chapman, P.M.. 1992. Lack of biomagnification and relative toxicity of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in marine organisms, with emphasis on Arctic species. Vancouver: Report prepared by EVS Consultants Ltd for Cominco Ltd.Google Scholar
Dickman, M., and Ouellet, M.. 1987. Limnology of Garrow Lake, NWT, Canada. Polar Record 23(146): 531–549.Google Scholar
Dinnell, P.A., and 6 others. 1983. Methodology and validation of a sperm cell toxicity test for testing toxic substances in marine waters. Seattle: Fisheries Research Institute, School of Fisheries, University of Washington.Google Scholar
Enserink, E.L, Maas-Diepeveenl, J.L., and Leeuwen, C.J. Van. 1991. Combined effects of metals; an ecotoxicological evaluation. Water Research 25: 679–687.Google Scholar
Gulley, D.D., Boelter, A.M., and Bergman, H.L.. 1990. TOXSTAT Release 3.2. Laramie, Wyoming: Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming.Google Scholar
Hrs-Brenko, M., Claus, C., and Bubic, S.. 1977. Synergistic effects of lead, salinity, and temperature on embryonic development of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Marine Biology 44: 109–115.Google Scholar
Jones, M.B. 1975. Synergistic effect of salinity, temperature and heavy metals on mortality and osmoregulation in marine and estuarine isopods (Crustacea). Marine Biology 30: 13–20.Google Scholar
Lewis, P. A., and Horning, W.B. II 1991. Differences in acute toxicity test results of three reference toxicants on Daphnia at two temperatures. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: 1351–1357.Google Scholar
Maclnnes, J.R., and Calabrese, A.. 1978. Response of embryos of the American oyster, Crassostreagigas, to heavy metals at different temperatures. In: McLusky, D.S., and Berry, A.J. (editors). Physiology and behaviour of marine organisms. New York: Pergamon Press, 195–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, M., Osborn, K.E., Billig, P., and Glickstein, N.. 1981. Toxicitiesof ten metalsto Crassostreagigasand Mytilus edulis embryos and Cancer magister larvae. Marine Pollution Bulletin 12: 305–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicklin, F. 1991. Beneath Arctic ice. National Geographic 180: 2–30.Google Scholar
Percy, J.A. 1975. Ecological physiology of Arctic marine invertebrates. Temperature and salinity relationships of theamphipod Onisimusaffinis. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 20: 99–117.Google Scholar
Percy, J.A. 1976. Responses of Arctic marine crustaceans to crude oil and oil-tainted food. Environmental Pollution 10: 155–162.Google Scholar
Percy, J.A. 1977. Responses of Arctic marine benthic crustaceans to sediments contaminated with crude oil. Environmental Pollution 13: 1–10.Google Scholar
Pike, D.G., and Welch, H.E.. 1990. Spatial and temporal distribution of sub-ice macrofauna in the Barrow Strait area, Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47: 81–91.Google Scholar
Riebel, P.N. 1984. The ecological niches, lifecycles and reproduction of six common species of marine amphipods (Sub-order Gammaridea) from the North American Arctic. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal.Google Scholar
Riebel, P.N., and Percy, J.A.. 1990. Acute toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons to the Arctic shallow-water mysid, Mysis oculata (Fabricius). Sarsia 75: 223–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ringwood, A.H. 1991. Short-term accumulation of cadmium by embryos, larvae and adults of an Hawaiian bivalve, Isognomon califomicum. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 149: 55–66.Google Scholar
Sainte-Marie, B., Lamarche, G., and Gagnon, J.-M.. 1990. Reproductive bionomics of some shallow-water lysianassoids in the Saint Lawrence estuary, with a review on the fecundity of the Lysianassoidea (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Canadian Journal of Zoology 68: 1639–1644.Google Scholar
Seakem, . 1992. Concentrations of zinc, lead, cadmium, and copper in Garrow Bay, 1990. Resolute, NWT: Report prepared by Seakem Oceanography Ltd for Cominco Polaris Operations.Google Scholar
Shea, J.R., and Percy, J.A.. 1990. Salinity tolerance and osmoregulation of the Arctic marine amphipods Onisimus litoralis (Kroyer) and Anonyx nugax(Phipps). Polar Biology 10 (4): 275–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steel, R.G.D., and Torrie, J.H.. 1960. Principles and procedures of statistics. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.Google Scholar
Stephan, C.E. 1977. Methods for calculating an LC50. In: Mayer, F.L., and Hamelink, J.L. (editors). Aquatictoxicology and hazard evaluation. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials, 65–84.Google Scholar
US Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. Technical support document for water quality-based toxics control. Washington, DC: Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency.Google Scholar
US Environmental Protection Agency. 1986. Test methods for evaluating solid waste — physical/chemical methods. 3rd edition. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency.Google Scholar
Woelke, C.E. 1972. Development of a receiving water quality bioassay criterion based on the 48-h Pacific oyster, Crassostreagigas, embryo. University of Washington Department of Fisheries Technical Reports 9. 1–93.Google Scholar