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The Teaching of English in Finnish High Schools

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 December 2020

Ralph Paul de Gorog*
Affiliation:
University of Georgia, Athens

Extract

Unlike the other countries of northern Europe, Finland has two official languages, Finnish and Swedish, a fact which is reflected in the emphasis placed on languages in the high-school curriculum. In the coastal communities from Lovisa to Turku (Åbo) on the southern shore, as well as in the towns from Pori (Björneborg) to Pietarsaari (Jakobstad), Swedish influence is stronger than anywhere else in Finland, and in many of these towns and villages only Swedish is spoken. In these communities and in the national capital itself, therefore, government workers and employees of business and industry are required to be fluent in both official languages. As in other bilingual countries, the use of two languages can be observed not only in official government documents, currency, postagestamps, and the like, but also in such things as signposts, advertisements, menus in restaurants, and time-tables. There are radio and television programs in both languages, and foreign films appear with two sets of subtitles on the same film, one in Finnish and one in Swedish. Thus whatever one's first language is, there is always ample opportunity to hear and see the other official language written. It should be mentioned, however, that ninety per cent of the population speaks Finnish as the first language and that very little Swedish can be heard in northern and in eastern Finland (except, of course, on the radio), but even in those Finnish-language areas, people are exposed to written Swedish on the label of virtually every product they buy, if nowhere else.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1960

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References

1 Asetus oppikoulujen lukusuunnitelmista, Annettu Helsingissä 12 päivänä maaliskuuta 1948. “Statute concerning the Curriculum of High Schools, No. 196 (Helsinki, 12 March 1948),” p. 358.

2 The matriculation examination in Finnish high schools is made up of four written tests: Finnish, Swedish, a foreign language (German, English, French, Latin, or Russian) and either mathematics or an examination covering history, science, religion, philosophy, psychology, and sociology. Each of these tests takes six hours, coming to twenty-four hours for the entire matriculation examination, which of course takes several days. These are standardized tests given in all parts of the country on the same day: each teacher corrects the papers of his own students and then sends them to the matriculation examination board (ylioppilastutkintolautakunta). This board gives the final grade and sees to it that the same grading system is used in all high schools in the country. In addition to the written examinations, the students are given oral examinations by their teachers in all the subjects forming part of the curriculum of the upper secondary school.

3 Phonograph records seem to be used in Finnish secondary schools more than they are in American high schools, but nowhere near the extent to which they are used in American colleges and universities. When use is made of language records, they are played in the class by the teacher. To our knowledge the language laboratory is unknown in Finland.