Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-fmk2r Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-10-06T11:39:11.775Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Presidential Address: Will This Policy Work for You? Predicting Effectiveness Better: How Philosophy Helps

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2022

Abstract

There is a takeover movement fast gaining influence in development economics, a movement that demands that predictions about development outcomes be based on randomized controlled trials. The problem it takes up—of using evidence of efficacy from good studies to predict whether a policy will be effective if we implement it—is a general one, and affects us all. My discussion is the result of a long struggle to develop the right concepts to deal with the problem of warranting effectiveness predictions. Whether I have it right or not, these are questions of vast social importance that philosophers of science can, and should, help answer.

Type
Presidential Address
Copyright
Copyright © The Philosophy of Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Angrist, Joshua, and Pischke, Jörn-Steffen. 2010. “The Credibility Revolution in Empirical Economics: How Better Research Design Is Taking the Con out of Econometrics.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 24 (2): 330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banerjee, Abhijit, and Duflo, Esther. 2009. “The Experimental Approach to Development Economics.” Annual Review of Economics 1:151–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cartwright, Nancy. 1989. Nature's Capacities and Their Measurement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cartwright, Nancy. 2009. “Causal Laws, Policy Predictions and the Need for Genuine Powers.” In Dispositions and Causes, ed. Handfield, Toby, 127–58. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Deaton, Angus. 2009. “Instruments of Development: Randomisation in the Tropics, and the Search for the Elusive Keys to Economic Development.” Proceedings of the British Academy 162:123–60.Google Scholar
Deaton, Angus. 2010. “Instruments, Randomization, and Learning about Development.” Journal of Economic Literature 48:424–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duflo, Esther, and Kremer, Michael. 2005. “Use of Randomization in the Evaluation of Development Effectiveness.” In Evaluating Development Effectiveness, ed. Pitman, George, Feinstein, Osvaldo, and Ingram, Gregory, 205–32. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar
Hendry, David, and Mizon, Grayham. 2010. “Econometric Modelling of Changing Time Series.” Discussion paper series, Oxford University.Google Scholar
Hendry, David, and Mizon, Grayham. 2011. “What Needs Rethinking in Macroeconomics?Global Policy 2:176–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lancet. 2004. “The World Bank Is Finally Embracing Science.” Lancet 364:731–32.Google Scholar
Leamer, Edward. 2010. “Tantalus on the Road to Asymptopia.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 24 (2): 3146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, Robert. 1976. “Econometric Policy Evaluation: A Critique.” In The Phillips Curve and Labor Markets, ed. Brunner, Karl and Meltzer, Allan. Amsterdam: North-Holland.Google Scholar
Ludwig, Jens, Liebman, Jeffrey B., Kling, Jeffrey R., Duncan, Greg J., Katz, Lawrence F., Kessler, Ronald C., and Sanbonmatus, Lisa. 2008. “What Can We Learn about Neighborhood Effects from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment?American Journal of Sociology 114:144–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackie, John Leslie. 1965. “Causes and Conditions.” American Philosophical Quarterly 2:245–64.Google Scholar
Mill, John Stuart. 1836/1967. “On the Definition of Political Economy and on the Method of Philosophical Investigation in That Science.” In Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, vol. 4. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Mill, John Stuart. 1843/1850. A System of Logic. Repr. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Oettinger, Gerald. 1999. “An Empirical Analysis of the Daily Labor Supply of Stadium Vendors.” Journal of Political Economy 107:360–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollak, Robert. 2003. “Gary Becker's Contributions to Family and Household Economics.” Review of Economics of the Household 1:111–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Save the Children. 2003. Thin in the Ground: Questioning the Evidence behind World Bank–Funded Community Nutrition Projects in Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Uganda. London: Save the Children UK.Google Scholar
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. 2011. SIGN 50: A Guideline Developer's Handbook. Edinburgh: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network.Google Scholar
US Department of Education. 2003. Identifying and Implementing Educational Practices Supported by Rigorous Evidence: A User Friendly Guide. Washington, DC: Coalition for Evidence-Based Policy.Google Scholar
White, Howard. 2009. “Theory-Based Impact Evaluation: Principles and Practice.” Working Paper 3, International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, New Delhi.Google Scholar
World Bank. 1995. Tamil Nadu and Child Nutrition: A New Assessment. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar