Ten million cattle and 4½ million sheep and goats, all increasing by nearly 2 per cent every year, combined with a rapidly increasing human population, pose severe problems for good land management in Nepal. But this small country, not much larger than England but with a dramatic and unique range of habitats, from low-lying swamps to the highest mountains in the world, has now embarked on a conservation programme aided by the United Nations Development Programme and the World Wildlife Fund. Plans have been drawn up for four new national parks, covering over 1000 square miles—one including Everest has been approved by the Government—and four new wildlife reserves. Between them these would ensure the survival of most of Nepal's endangered species, including Indian rhino and elephant, tiger, gaur, and both snow and clouded leopards. The author, well known for his conservation work in Africa, has been since 1970 FAO Adviser to the Nepal Government on national parks and wildlife management, under the UN Technical Assistance Programme.