Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T09:28:58.617Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characterization of Polymers and Their Surfaces Using Ultra-Soft X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

Gary E. Mitchell ,
Benjamin M. Dekoven ,
David R. Speth ,
Mark E. Jones ,
James J. Curphy ,
Donald L. Schmidt ,
Alvin T. Yeh ,
John L. Gland  and
Daniel A. Fischer
Gary E. Mitchell
Affiliation:
Dow Chemical Company Midland, MI.
Benjamin M. Dekoven
Affiliation:
Dow Chemical Company Midland, MI.
David R. Speth
Affiliation:
Dow Chemical Company Midland, MI.
Mark E. Jones
Affiliation:
Dow Chemical Company Midland, MI.
James J. Curphy
Affiliation:
Dow Chemical Company Midland, MI.
Donald L. Schmidt
Affiliation:
Dow Chemical Company Midland, MI.
Alvin T. Yeh
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI.
John L. Gland
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI.
Daniel A. Fischer
Affiliation:
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD.
Get access

Abstract

In this paper we illustrate the use of Ultra Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (USXAS) for the characterization of polymeric materials by highlighting three novel applications of the technique. The surface sensitivity of electron yield (3 nm) and the bulk information available from fluorescence yield USXAS (200 nm) provide unique information on the chemistry of polymer surfaces and interfaces. USXAS is sensitive to both concentration and orientation of functional groups in polymers. The systems highlighted here include the characterization of flame treated model acrylic automotive coatings, ultra-low surface energy crosslinked fluorocarbon films, and spin cast polystyrene films. The chemical and surface sensitivity of the technique are emphasized by the ability of USXAS to detect an increase in the trigonally coordinated carbon at the surface after treatment with a reducing flame. The sensitivity to functional group orientation at the surface is demonstrated by the characterization of the crosslinked flurocarbon polymer films. The results show that the pendant fluoroalkyl moieties of these polymers are strongly oriented perpendicular to the film surface. Spin coated polystyrene films were characterized as a functionv of molecular weight, film thickness and casting solvent. The pendant phenyl groups were found to be preferentially oriented towards the normal to the surface plane, independent of casting solvent, molecular weight, and film thickness

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 304: Symposium H – Polymer/Inorganic Interfaces , 1993 , 215
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Mitchell, G., Yeh, A., Fischer, D. and Gland, J., to be submitted to Langmuir.Google Scholar
2. Jordan-Sweet, J. L., Kovac, C. A., Goldberg, M. J., Morar, J. F., J. Chem. Phys. 89, 2482 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. DeKoven, B., Mitchell, G., Fischer, D., Gland, J., Curphy, J., Stokich, T., to be submitted to Science.Google Scholar
4. Stöhr, J., NEXAFS Spectroscopy, (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1992) pp. 276–290.Google Scholar
5. Fischer, D. A., Colbert, J. and Gland, J. L., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 1596 (1989).Google Scholar
6. The model top coat was made by combining Acryloid 1033 commercial resin from Rohm and Haas and a hexamethoxy methyl melamine curing agent (American Cyanamid Cymel 300).Google Scholar
7. Pochan, J., Gerenser, L. and Elman, J., Polymer 27, 1058 (1986).Google Scholar
8. Dillard, J., Cromer, T., Burtoff, C., Cosentino, A., Cline, R. and MacIver, G., J. Adhesion 26, 181 (1988).Google Scholar
9. Jones, M., Speth, D. and Mitchell, G. E., Unpublished results.Google Scholar
10. For reference on monolayer films see Elbert, R., Laschewsky, A. and Ringsdort, H.. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107,4134 (1985).Google Scholar
11. Rosen, M.J., Surfactants and Interface Phenomena, Second Ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1989.Google Scholar
12. Owen., M. Comments Inrg. Chem. 7, 195 (1988).Google Scholar
13. Schmidt, D., McCrackin, P. and Cobum, C., U.S. Patents 4,929,666, and 5,006,624.Google Scholar
14. Castener, D., Lewis, K., Fischer, D., Ratner, B. and Gland, J., Langmuir 9, 537 (1993).Google Scholar
15. Ishii, I., McLaren, R., Hitchcock, A., Jordan, K., Choi, Y. and Robin, M., Can. J. Chem. 66, 2104 (1988).Google Scholar
16. Stöhr, J., NEXAFS Spearoscopy, (Springer-Verlag, New York,1992) p. 230.Google Scholar
17. DeKoven, B., Mitchell, G., in ACS Symposium Series No. 485: Surface Science Investigations in Tribology ed. Chung, Y-W., Homola, A., and Street, G., (American Chemical Society, 1992), pp. 15–42.Google Scholar
18. Meitzner, G., Fischer, D. Submitted to J. Chem. Ed..Google Scholar
19. Vilar, M.Rei, Schott, M., Pireaux, J., Gregoire, C., Thiry, P, Caudano, R., Lapp, A., Rego, A. Botelho Do, Silva, J. Lopes Da, Surface Science 189/190, 927 (1987).Google Scholar