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Double Embedding in Cellulose Nitrate and Paraffin Wax, an Old and Useful Method that is Easily Misunderstood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2018

John A. Kiernan*
Affiliation:
Dept. of Cell Anatomy & Ceil Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada

Extract

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Cellulose nitrate is also known as celloidin, collodion, low viscosity nitrocellulose (LVN) necoloidine, nitrocellulose, parlodion, pyroxylin, and soluble gun cotton. (Some of these are trade-names; for even more synonyms, see the Merck Index, under pyroxylin.) It is made by treating cellulose with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids, This converts some of the hydroxyl (-OH) groups of cellulose to nitrate ester (-ONO2) groups. The molecular size and physical form of the original cellulose and the proportion of nitrated hydroxyl groups determine the properties of the product. It is useful in microtechnique because of its physical properties and its unusual responses to solvents and other liquids.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 1998