Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T16:06:18.987Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ultrafine-Grained Microstructures of Al–Cu Alloys with Hypoeutectic and Hypereutectic Composition Produced by Extrusion Combined with Reversible Torsion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2022

Kinga Rodak Open the ORCID record for Kinga Rodak [Opens in a new window] ,
Tomasz Rzychoń ,
Tomasz Mikuszewski ,
Bartosz Chmiela ,
Maria Sozańska  and
Sonia Boczkal
Kinga Rodak*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, Katowice 40-019, Poland
Tomasz Rzychoń
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, Katowice 40-019, Poland
Tomasz Mikuszewski
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, Katowice 40-019, Poland
Bartosz Chmiela
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, Katowice 40-019, Poland
Maria Sozańska
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, Katowice 40-019, Poland
Sonia Boczkal
Affiliation:
Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Light Metals Division, Piłsudskiego 19, Skawina 32-050, Poland
*
*Corresponding author: Kinga Rodak, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

In this study, binary as-cast Al–Cu alloys: Al25Cu (Al–25%Cu) and Al45Cu (Al–45%Cu) (in wt%) were severely plastically deformed by extrusion combined with a reversible torsion (KoBo) method to produce an ultrafine-grained structure (UFG). The binary Al–Cu alloys consist of α-Al and intermetallic Al2Cu phases. The morphology and volume fraction of α-Al and Al2Cu phases depend on the Cu content. The KoBo process was carried out using extrusion ratios of λ = 30 and λ = 98. The effect of phase refinement has been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy with electron backscattering diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were assessed using compression tests. Detailed microstructural analysis shows that after the KoBo process, a large number fraction of high-angle boundaries (HABs) and a very fine grain structure (~2–4 μm) in both phases are created. An increase of λ ratio during the KoBo processing leads to a decrease in average grain size of α-Al and Al2Cu phases and an increase in fraction of HABs. UFG microstructure and high fraction of HABs provide the grain boundary sliding mechanism during KoBo deformation. UFG microstructure contributes to the enhanced mechanical properties. Compressive strength (Rc) of Al25Cu alloy increases from 172 to 340 MPa with an increase of λ. Compressive strain (Sc) for Al25Cu alloy increased from 35 to 67% with an increase of λ. High fraction of intermetallic phase in Al45Cu alloy was responsible for room temperature strengthening of alloy and low compressive strain. The deformed Al45Cu alloy with λ = 30 showed that Rc is 194 MPa and Sc is equal to 10%.

Keywords

Al–Cu alloysEBSDKoBo deformationmicrostructureSTEM
Type
The XVIIth International Conference on Electron Microscopy (EM2020)
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , June 2022 , pp. 953 - 960
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Cao, FR, Li, Z, Zhang, N & Ding, H (2013). Superplasticity, flow and fracture mechanism in an Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 571, 167–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danilenko, VN, Sergeev, SN, Baimova, JA, Korznikova, GF, Nazarov, KS, Khisamov, RK, Glezer, AM & Mulyukov, RR (2019). An approach for fabrication of Al–Cu composite by high pressure torsion. Mater Lett 236, 51–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El Al, M, El Mahallawy, N, Shehata, F, El Hameed, M, Yoom, E, Lee, J & Kim, H (2010). Tensile properties and fracture characteristics of ECAP-processed Al and Al–Cu alloys. Metals Mater Int 16, 709–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fang, DR, Tian, VZ, Duan, QQ, Wu, SD, Zhang, ZF, Zhao, NQ & Li, JJ (2011). Effects of equal channel angular pressing on the strength and toughness of Al–Cu alloys. J Matter Sci 46, 5002–5008.10.1007/s10853-011-5419-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gusak, A, Danielewski, M, Korbel, A, Bochniak, M & Storozhuk, N (2014). Elementary model of severe plastic deformation by KoBo process. J Appl Phys 115, 034905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, H, Yi, Y, Huang, S & Zhang, Y (2018). Effects of deformation temperature on second-phase and mechanical properties of 2219 Al–Cu alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 712, 414–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, W, Liu, Z, Lin, M, Zhou, X, Zhao, L, Ning, A & Zeng, S (2012). Precipitation behaviour in Al–Cu binary alloy after severe plastic deformation-induced dissolution of θ’ particles. Mater Sci Eng A 546, 26–33.10.1016/j.msea.2012.03.010CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, DA (2001). Microstructure evolution, slip patterns and flow stress. Mater Sci Eng A 319, 46–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jia, H, Bjorge, R, Marthinsen, K & Li, Y (2017). The deformation and work hardening behaviour of a SPD processed Al-5Cu alloy. J Alloys Compd 697, 239–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawasaki, M & Langdon, TG (2014). The characteristics of two-phase Al–Cu and Zn–Al alloys processed by high-pressure torsion. IOP Conf Series: Mater Sci Eng 63, 012106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, JT, Lee, SW, Hong, SH, Park, HJ, Park, JY, Lee, N, Seo, Y, Wang, WM, Park, JM & Kim, KB (2016). Understanding the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Cu–Si ultrafine eutectic composites. Mater Des 92, 1038–1045.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korbel, A & Bochniak, W (2004). Refinement and control of the structure elements by plastic deformation. Scr Mater 1, 755–759.10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.06.020CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, A, Saito, N, Takagi, M, Nishida, Y, Iwata, H, Suzuki, K, Shigematsu, I & Watazu, A (2005). Effect of severe plastic deformation on tensile properties of a cast Al-11 mass% Si alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 395, 70–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moon, JH, Baek, SM, Lee, SG, Seong, Y, Amanov, A, Lee, S & Kim, HS (2019). Effects of residual stress on the mechanical properties of copper processed using ultrasonic-nanocrystalline surface modification. Mater Res Lett 7, 97–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, JM, Kim, KB, Kim, DH & Mattern, N (2010). Multi-phase Al-base ultrafine composite with multi-scale microstructure. Intermetallics 18, 1829–1833.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prados, E, Sordi, V & Ferrante, M (2009). Tensile behaviour of an Al-4 wt%Cu alloy deformed by equal-channel angular pressing. Mater Sci Eng A 503, 68–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, PL, Yu, CY, Kao, PW & Chang, CP (2002). Microstructural characteristics of ultrafine-grained aluminium produced by equal channel angular extrusion. Scr Mater 47, 377–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thuong, NV, Zuhailawati, H, Seman, AA, Huy, TD & Dhindaw, BK (2015). Microstructural evolution and wear characteristics of equal channel angular pressing processed semi-solid-cast hypoeutectic aluminum alloys. Mater Des 67, 448–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tiwary, CS, Kashyap, S & Chattopadhyay, K (2014). Development of alloys with high strength at elevated temperatures by tuning the bimodal microstructure in the Al–Cu–Ni eutectic system. Scr Mater 93, 20–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, J, Kang, S, Kim, H & Horita, Z (2002). Lamellae deformation and structural evolution in an Al-33%Cu eutectic alloy during equal-channel angular pressing. J Mater Sci 37, 5223–5227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, X & Zhu, YT (2017). Heterogeneous materials: A new class of materials with unprecedented mechanical properties. Mater Res Lett 5, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yin, S, Zhang, Z, Yu, J, Zhao, Z, Liu, M, Bao, L, Jia, Z, Cui, J & Wang, P (2019). Achieving excellent superplasticity of Mg-7Zn-%Gd-0.6Zr alloy at low temperature regime. Sci Rep 9, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhuo, L, Wang, H & Zhang, T (2014). Hierarchical ultrafine-grained network mediated high strength and large plasticity in an Al-based alloy. Mater Lett 124, 28–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar