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Novel Identification and Microscopy of the Intestinal Bulb of Molly Fish (Poecilia sphenops) with a Focus on Its Role in Immunity

Part of: Micrographia Collection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2022

Doaa M. Mokhtar Open the ORCID record for Doaa M. Mokhtar [Opens in a new window] ,
Marwa M. Hussein Open the ORCID record for Marwa M. Hussein [Opens in a new window]  and
Ramy K. A. Sayed Open the ORCID record for Ramy K. A. Sayed [Opens in a new window]
Doaa M. Mokhtar*
Affiliation:
Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
Marwa M. Hussein
Affiliation:
Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
Ramy K. A. Sayed
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
*
*Corresponding author: Doaa M. Mokhtar, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
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Abstract

The intestinal bulb is a simple dilatation in the anterior part of the intestine of agastric fish. This study was conducted on 18 adult specimens of molly fish (Poecilia sphenops) and demonstrated the presence of an intestinal bulb. The intestinal epithelium was composed of enterocytes covered with microvilli, many mucous goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells. Numerous intraepithelial lymphocytes, neutrophils, plasma cells, dendritic cells, stem cells, rodlet cells, and macrophages were identified in the epithelial layer. Interestingly, this study recorded the process of autophagy and formation of autophagosomes, multivesicular bodies, and dense bodies. The intestinal epithelium extended into the intestinal gland that consisted of simple columnar epithelium, mucous cells, stem cells, enteroendocrine cells, and basal cells. These glands opened to the lumen of the bulb and were surrounded by a network of telocytes. Moreover, immunohistochemistry revealed that the intestinal epithelium expressed APG5, myostatin, TGF-β, IL-1β, NF-κB, Nrf2, and SOX9. Leukocytes in the lamina propria-submucosa expressed APG5. The inflammatory cells in the connective tissue showed strong immunoreactivity to myostatin and TGF-β. The smooth muscular layer also expressed myostatin. Both IL-1β and NF-κB showed immunoreactivity in macrophages in the lamina propria-submucosa. Stem cells expressed Sox-9 and telocytes expressed NF-κB and SOX9; while astrocytes in the tunica muscularis expressed GFAP. The high frequency of immune cells in the intestinal bulb suggested an immune role of this organ. This is the first study demonstrating the absence of the stomach and its replacement with an intestinal bulb in molly fish, and consequently, this species could be reclassified as agastric fish according to this study.

Keywords

autophagyimmunitySOX9stem cellstelocytes
Type
Micrographia
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 28 , Issue 5 , October 2022 , pp. 1827 - 1839
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America

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