Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T18:40:41.845Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Morphological, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Studies of the Donkey's Eye with Special Reference to the AFGF and ACE Expression

Part of: Micrographia Collection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2022

Abdelraheim H. Attaai Open the ORCID record for Abdelraheim H. Attaai [Opens in a new window] ,
Manal T. Hussein Open the ORCID record for Manal T. Hussein [Opens in a new window] ,
Khaled H. Aly  and
Fatma M. Abdel-Maksoud
Abdelraheim H. Attaai*
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
Manal T. Hussein
Affiliation:
Department of cell and tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
Khaled H. Aly
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, P.O. Box 551, Saudi Arabia
Fatma M. Abdel-Maksoud
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
*
*Corresponding author: Abdelraheim Attaai, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The donkey is mainly used as a working animal for riding and pack transport, as well as for dairy and meat production. Eye afflictions are common in donkeys, thus requiring a detailed study. A few studies had focused on the donkey's eye, and most of them had considered it, merely, a horse's eye. This study aimed to investigate the anatomy, histology, ultrastructure, and immunohistochemical features of the donkey's eye. The results were recorded and compared to those of horses in certain dimensions. Unlike horses, the donkey's eye is more circular in the contour of the cornea, has smaller lenticular thickness, and has longer anterior and vitreous chambers. Positive immunoreactivity to acidic fibroblast growth factor in the basal cell layers of the cornea was observed, indicating their role in cell differentiation and the renewal of the epithelium. Moreover, the corneal keratocytes expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme, which plays a role in corneal homeostasis and wound healing. Additionally, telocytes, hyalocytes, and other immune cells were observed within the iris and ciliary processes. Hence, this work is an updated detailed study of the morphology and ultrastructure of the donkey's eye and reveals some similarities and dissimilarities to the horse's eyes, which should be considered in clinical practice.

Keywords

ACEAFGFdonkey eyehyalocytesTCs
Type
Micrographia
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 28 , Issue 5 , October 2022 , pp. 1780 - 1793
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdel-Maksoud, FM, Hussein, MT & Attaai, A (2019). Seasonal variation of the intraepithelial gland in camel epididymis with special reference to autophagosome. Microsc Microanal 25, 1052–1060.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akbalik, ME & Erdoğan, S (2015). A morphological study on iridocorneal angle and ciliary body of the Anatolian Shepherd Dogs (Canis familiaris). Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 21, 677–684.Google Scholar
Ali, FAZ, Abdel-Maksoud, FM, Abd Elaziz, HO, Al-Brakati, A & Elmahallawy, EK (2021). Descriptive histopathological and ultrastructural study of hepatocellular alterations induced by aflatoxin B1 in rats. Animals 11, 01–05.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ali, M, Baber, M, Hussain, T, Awan, F & Nadeem, A (2014). The contribution of donkeys to human health. Equine Vet J 46, 766–767.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aly, K (2003). Glycohitochemical, Immunohistochemical and Electron Microscopic Examination of the Bovine Eyeball, lmu. A thesis submitted for the doctor degree in Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich.Google Scholar
Aly, KH, Abd-Elhafez, E, Ali, M & Abd-Elmaksoud, A (2009). Histomorphometric analysis of the irides of dogs, camels, buffalos and donkeys. Res Vet Sci 86, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aoki, A & Gutierrez, LS (1967). A simple toluidine blue—basic fuchsin stain for spermatozoa in epoxy sections. J Stain Technol 42, 307–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Assadnassab, G & Fartashvand, M (2012). Ultrasonographic evaluation of buffalo eyes. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 37.Google Scholar
Baljit, S (2017). Dyce, Sack, and Wensing's textbook of veterinary anatomy.Google Scholar
Baudouin, C, Fredj-Reygrobellet, D, Caruelle, JP, Barritault, D, Gastaud, P & Lapalus, P (1990). Acidic fibroblast growth factor distribution in normal human eye and possible implications in ocular pathogenesis. Ophthalmic Res 22, 73–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burden, FA & Bell, N (2019). Donkey nutrition and malnutrition. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 35, 469–479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Byström, B, Virtanen, I, Rousselle, P, Gullberg, D & Pedrosa-Domellöf, F (2006). Distribution of laminins in the developing human eye. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47, 777–785.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cholkar, K, Dasari, SR, Pal, D, and Mitra, AK. (2013). Eye: Anatomy, physiology and barriers to drug delivery. In Ocular Transporters and Receptors, pp. 1-36. Elsevier.Google Scholar
Civan, MM, Benos, D & Simon, S (2008). The Eye's Aqueous Humor. Elsevier.Google Scholar
Cretoiu, SM, Simionescu, AA, Caravia, L, Curici, A, Cretoiu, D & Popescu, LM (2011). Complex effects of imatinib on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions in human non-pregnant myometrium. Acta Physiol Hung 98, 329–338.Google ScholarPubMed
Dabin, I & Courtois, Y (1991). Acidic fibroblast growth factor overexpression in corneal epithelial wound healing. Growth Factors 5, 129–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davies, LC, Jenkins, SJ, Allen, JE & Taylor, PR (2013). Tissue-resident macrophages. Nat Immunol 14, 986–995.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, E (2019). Donkey and mule welfare. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 35, 481–491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duval, C, Cohen, C, Chagnoleau, C, Flouret, V, Bourreau, E & Bernerd, F (2014). Key regulatory role of dermal fibroblasts in pigmentation as demonstrated using a reconstructed skin model: Impact of photo-aging. PLoS One 9, e114182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feeney, L & Hogan, MJ (1961). Electron microscopy of the human choroid. I. Cells and supporting structure. Am J Ophthalmol 51, 1057–1072.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flugel-Koch, C, May, CA & Lutjen-Drecoll, E (1996). Presence of a contractile cell network in the human choroid. Ophthalmologica 210, 296–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fredj-Reygrobellet, D, Plouet, J, Delayre, T, Baudouin, C, Bourret, F & Lapalus, P (1987). Effects of aFGF and bFGF on wound healing in rabbit corneas. Curr Eye Res 6, 1205–1209.Google ScholarPubMed
Gelatt, KN (2013). Essentials of Veterinary Ophthalmology. Hopoken, New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Goel, M, Picciani, RG, Lee, RK & Bhattacharya, SK (2010). Aqueous humor dynamics: A review. Open Ophthalmol J 4, 52–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grinninger, P, Skalicky, M & Nell, B (2010). Evaluation of healthy equine eyes by use of retinoscopy, keratometry, and ultrasonographic biometry. Am J Vet Res 71, 677–681.Google ScholarPubMed
Herbig, LE & Eule, JC (2015). Central corneal thickness measurements and ultrasonographic study of the growing equine eye. Vet Ophthalmol 18, 462–471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobson, DW (2020). Dermal and Ocular Toxicology: Fundamentals and Methods. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogan, MJ, Alvarado, J, Weddell, J (1971). Histology of the Human Eye. An Atlas and Textbook. Philadelphia, USA: Saunders.Google Scholar
Hollis, AR, Dixon, JJ, Berlato, D, Murray, R & Weller, R (2019). Computed tomographic dimensions of the normal adult equine eye. Vet Ophthalmol 22, 651–659.Google ScholarPubMed
Hussein, KH, Hussein, MT, Attaai, A, Ragab, L & Semieka, M (2022). Effect of Nictitans gland and third eyelid excisions on ocular surface integrity, pH, and tear production in dogs. J Adv Vet Res 12, 90–98.Google Scholar
Hussein, MT & Abdel-Maksoud, FM (2020). Structural investigation of epididymal microvasculature and its relation to telocytes and immune cells in camel. Microsc Microanal 26, 1024–1034.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ibrahim, D & Abdel-Maksoud, FM (2019). Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of the seasonal changes in the epididymal epithelium of camel (Camelus dromedarius). Microsc Microanal 25, 1273–1282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibrahim, IA, Hussein, MM, Hamdy, A & Abdel-Maksoud, FM (2020). Comparative morphological features of syrinx in male domestic fowl Gallus gallus domesticus and male domestic pigeon Columba livia domestica: A histochemical, ultrastructural, scanning electron microscopic and morphometrical study. Microsc Microanal 26, 326–347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kotb, AM, Ibrahim, IA, Aly, KH & Zayed, AE (2019). Histomorphometric analysis of the choroid of donkeys, buffalos, camels and dogs. Int Ophthalmol 39, 1239–1247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latimer, CA, Wyman, M, and Hamilton, J (1983). An ophthalmic survey of the neonatal horse. Equine Vet J 15, 9–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J & Gross, JM (2007). Laminin β1 and γ1 containing laminins are essential for basement membrane integrity in the zebrafish eye. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48, 2483–2490.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindig, TM, Kumar, V, Kikinis, R, Pieper, S, Schrodl, F, Neuhuber, WL & Brehmer, A (2009). Spiny versus stubby: 3D reconstruction of human myenteric (type I) neurons. Histochem Cell Biol 131, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McMullen, RJ Jr. & Gilger, BC (2006). Keratometry, biometry and prediction of intraocular lens power in the equine eye. Vet Ophthalmol 9, 357–360.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McMullen, RJ Jr., & Utter, ME (2010). Current developments in equine cataract surgery. Equine Vet J Suppl 42, 38–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, TL, Willis, AM, Wilkie, DA, Hoshaw-Woodard, S & Stanley, JR (2001). Description of ciliary body anatomy and identification of sites for transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in the equine eye. Vet Ophthalmol 4(3), 183–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Misk, NA (1990). Ocular diseases in donkeys. Equine Practice 12, 20–27.Google Scholar
Moazed, KT (2020). The Iris: Understanding the Essentials. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mochizuki, M, Sugita, S & Kamoi, K (2013). Immunological homeostasis of the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 33, 10–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mokhtar, DM, Hussein, MT & Hassan, AHS (2017). Melatonin elicits stimulatory action on the adrenal gland of Soay Ram: Morphometrical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study. Microsc Microanal 23, 1173–1188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monti, G, Bertino, E, Muratore, MC, Coscia, A, Cresi, F, Silvestro, L, Fabris, C, Fortunato, D, Giuffrida, MG & Conti, A (2007). Efficacy of donkey's milk in treating highly problematic cow's milk allergic children: An in vivo and in vitro study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 18, 258–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mouney, MC, Townsend, WM & Moore, GE (2012). Association of height, body weight, age, and corneal diameter with calculated intraocular lens strength of adult horses. Am J Vet Res 73, 1977–1982.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nickla, DL & Wallman, J (2010). The multifunctional choroid. Prog Retin Eye Res 29, 144–168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plummer, CE (2009). The use of amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction: A review and series of 58 equine clinical cases (2002–2008). Vet Ophthalmol 12, 17–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popescu, BO, Gherghiceanu, M, Kostin, S, Ceafalan, L & Popescu, LM (2012). Telocytes in meninges and choroid plexus. Neurosci Lett 516, 265–269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raghavan, D (1964). Anatomy of the ox; with comparative notes on the horse, dog and fowl.Google Scholar
Ramsey, DT, Hauptman, JG & Petersen-Jones, SM (1999). Corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and optical corneal diameter in rocky mountain horses with cornea globosa or clinically normal corneas. Am J Vet Res 60, 1317–1321.Google ScholarPubMed
Rogers, M, Cartee, RE, Miller, W & Ibrahim, AK (1986). Evaluation of the extirpated equine eye using B-mode ultrasonography. Vet Radiol 27, 24–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohen, JW (1965). Morphology of the uveal tract. Int Ophthalmol Clin 5, 581–667.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rusu, MC, Jianu, AM, Mirancea, N, Didilescu, AC, Manoiu, VS & Paduraru, D (2012). Tracheal telocytes. J Cell Mol Med 16, 401–405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salimei, E & Fantuz, F (2012). Equid milk for human consumption. Int Dairy J 24, 130–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sano, Y, Matsuda, K, Okamoto, M, Takehana, K, Hirayama, K & Taniyama, H (2016 a). Characterization of equine hyalocytes: Their immunohistochemical properties, morphologies and distribution. J Vet Med Sci 78, 937–942.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sano, Y, Matsuda, K, Okamoto, M, Takehana, K, Hirayama, K & Taniyama, H (2016 b). Distribution of CD163-positive cell and MHC class II-positive cell in the normal equine uveal tract. J Vet Med Sci 78, 287–291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savaskan, E, Loffler, KU, Meier, F, Muller-Spahn, F, Flammer, J & Meyer, P (2004). Immunohistochemical localization of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II and AT1 receptor in human ocular tissues. Ophthalmic Res 36, 312–320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharma, A, Bettis, DI, Cowden, JW & Mohan, RR (2010). Localization of angiotensin converting enzyme in rabbit cornea and its role in controlling corneal angiogenesis in vivo. Mol Vis 16, 720–728.Google ScholarPubMed
Simones, P, De Geest, JP & Lauwers, H (1996). Comparative morphology of the pectinate ligaments of domestic mammals, as observed under the dissecting microscope and the scanning electron microscope. J Vet Med Sci 58, 977–982.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, B (2018). Dyce, Sack, and Wensing's Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. St. Louis, MI: Saunders.Google Scholar
Sisson, S, Grossman, JD & Getty, R (1975). Sisson and Grossman's the Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. Philadelphia, USA: Saunders.Google Scholar
Soroori, S, Masoudifard, M, Raoofi, A & Aghazadeh, M (2009). Ultrasonographic findings of some ocular structures in Caspian miniature horse. Iran J Vet Res 10, 329–333.Google Scholar
Summers, JA (2013). The choroid as a sclera growth regulator. Exp Eye Res 114, 120–127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Svaldenienė, E, Paunksnienė, M & Babrauskienė, V (2004). Ultrasonographic study of equine eyes. Ultragarsas/Ultrasound 53, 49–51.Google Scholar
Van der Woerdt, A, Gilger, B, Wilkie, D & Strauch, S (1995). Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block and intravenous administration of xylazine on intraocular pressure and corneal thickness in horses. Am J Vet Res 56, 155–158.Google ScholarPubMed
Zayed, AE-Z, Aly, K, Ibrahim, IA-A & Kotb, AM (2012). Comparative morphology of the iris of donkey (Equus asinus) and buffalo (Bos bubalis). J Vet Anat 5, 75–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, Y, Cretoiu, D, Yan, G, Cretoiu, SM, Popescu, LM, Fang, H & Wang, X (2014). Protein profiling of human lung telocytes and microvascular endothelial cells using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics. J Cell Mol Med 18, 1035–1059.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed