Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T04:03:18.920Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Microscopic Chemical Characterization and Reactivity in Cementing Systems of Elephant Grass Leaf Ashes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2018

Josefa Roselló ,
Lourdes Soriano ,
Holmer Savastano Jr ,
M. Victoria Borrachero ,
Pilar Santamarina  and
Jordi Payá
Josefa Roselló
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de Valéncia, Valencia, Spain
Lourdes Soriano
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
Holmer Savastano Jr
Affiliation:
Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
M. Victoria Borrachero
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
Pilar Santamarina
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de Valéncia, Valencia, Spain
Jordi Payá*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
*
*Author for correspondence: Jordi Payá, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Many agrowastes are being used for energy production by combustion in power plants. This process generates huge amounts of ash, which has a potential pozzolanic activity for blending with Portland cement or hydrated lime. In this paper, the ash obtained from elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum var. purple) leaves (EGLs) was studied, including the silicon content and its distribution, the presence of other compounds, and in addition, the presence of silica bodies (phytoliths). Combustion temperatures of 450 and 650°C produced an unaltered inorganic skeleton (spodogram), whereas at 850°C, there is a sintering process because of high potassium content in the ash. Phytoliths and different types of hairs were identified, and they contained high percentages of silica. Magnesium (mainly as periclase) was distributed in the most porous parts in the interior of the leaves. The silica can react with calcium hydroxide (pozzolanic reaction) forming calcium silicate hydrates (observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis). Fixed lime percentages at 28 curing days (63%) indicated the high reactivity of EGL ashes in calcium hydroxide pastes due to the pozzolanic reaction. This study demonstrates the possibility of the reuse of ashes from EGLs for the production of environmental-friendly cements.

Keywords

silicaphytolithspodogrampozzolanreactivity
Type
Materials Science Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 24 , Issue 6 , December 2018 , pp. 593 - 603
Copyright
© Microscopy Society of America 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Cite this article: Roselló J, Soriano L, Savastano Jr H, Borrachero MV, Santamarina P and Payá J (2018) Microscopic Chemical Characterization and Reactivity in Cementing Systems of Elephant Grass Leaf Ashes. Microsc Microanal. 24(6), 593–603. doi: 10.1017/S1431927618015192

References

Adesanya, DA Raheem, AA (2009) Development of corn cob ash blended cement. Constr Build Mater 23, 347–352.Google Scholar
Aprianti, E (2017) A huge number of artificial waste material can be supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for concrete production – a review part II. J Cleaner Produc 142, 4178–4194.Google Scholar
Aprianti, E, Shafigh, P, Bahri, S Farahani, JN (2015) Supplementary cementitious materials origin from agricultural wastes – a review. Constr Build Mater 74, 176–187.Google Scholar
Barcelo, L, Kline, LJ, Walenta, G Gartner, E (2014) Cement and carbon emissions. Mater Struct 47, 1055–1065.Google Scholar
Beltran, MG, Barbudo, A, Agrela, F, Jiménez, JR de Brito, J (2016) Mechanical performance of bedding mortars made with olive biomass bottom ash. Constr Build Mater 112, 699–707.Google Scholar
Cordeiro, GC Sales, CP (2015) Pozzolanic activity of elephant grass ash and its influence on the mechanical properties of concrete. Cem Concr Comp 55, 331–336.Google Scholar
Cordeiro, G Sales, CP (2016) Influence of calcining temperature on the pozzolanic characteristics of elephant grass ash. Cem Concr Compos 73, 98–104.Google Scholar
de Souza, MF, Magalhães, WLE Persegil, MC (2002) Silica derived from burned rice hulls. Mat Res 5, 467–474.Google Scholar
Flores, RA, Urquiaga, S, Alves, BJR, Collier, LS Boddey, RM (2012) Yield and quality of elephant grass biomass produced in the cerrados region for bioenergy. Eng Agríc 32, 831–839.Google Scholar
Frías, M, Savastano, H, Villar, E, Sánchez de Rojas, MI Santos, S (2012) Characterization and properties of blended cement matrices elaborated with activated bamboo leaf wastes. Cem Concr Comp 34, 1019–1023.Google Scholar
Guzmán, A, Gutiérrez, C, Amigó, V, de Gutiérrez, RM Delvasto, S (2011) Pozzolanic evaluation of the sugar cane leaf. Mater Constr 61, 213–225.Google Scholar
Hindryawati, N, Maniam, GP, Karim, MR Chong, KF (2014) Transesterification of used cooking oil over alkali metal (Li, Na, K) supported rice husk silica as potential solid base catalyst. Eng Sci Technol Int J 17, 95–103.Google Scholar
Kanning, RC, Portella, KF, Bragança, MOGP, Bonato, MM dos Santos, JCM (2014) Banana leaves ashes as pozzolan for concrete and mortar of portland cement. Constr Build Mater 54, 460–465.Google Scholar
Lemus, R Lal, R (2007) Bioenergy crops and carbon sequestration. Critical Rev Plant Sciences 24, 1–21.Google Scholar
Lima, SA Rossignolo, JA (2009) Analysis of pozzolanicity of the rind cashew nut ashes by X-ray diffraction. Revi Mat 14, 680–688 (in Portuguese).Google Scholar
Moraes, JCB, Akasaki, JL, Melges, JLP, Monzó, J, Borrachero, MV, Soriano, L, Payá, J Tashima, MM (2015) Assessment of sugar cane straw ash (SCSA) as pozzolanic material in blended Portland cement: Microstructural characterization of pastes and mechanical strength of mortars. Constr Build Mater 94, 670–677.Google Scholar
Nakanishi, EY, Frías, M, Martínez-Ramírez, S, Santos, SF, Rodrigues, MS, Rodríguez, O Savastano, H Jr (2014a) Characterization and properties of elephant grass ashes as supplementary cementing material in pozzolan/Ca(OH)2 pastes. Constr Build Mater 73, 391–398.Google Scholar
Nakanishi, EY, Frías, M, Santos, SF, Rodrigues, MS, Villa, RVV, Rodriguez, O Savastano, H Jr (2016) Investigating the possible usage of elephant grass ash to manufacture the eco-friendly binary cements. J Cleaner Produc 116, 236–243.Google Scholar
Nakanishi, EY, Villar-Cociña, E, Santos, SF, Rodrigues, MS, Pinto, PS Savastano, H Jr (2014b) Thermal and chemical treatments for removal of alkali oxides of elephant grass ashes. Quim Nova 37, 766–769 (in Portuguese).Google Scholar
Payá, J, Monzó, J, Borrachero, MV Velázquez, S (2004) Chemical activation of pozzolanic reaction of fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FOR) in lime pastes: thermal analysis. Advan Cem Res 16, 123–130.Google Scholar
Payá, J, Monzó, J Borrachero, MV (2010) Outstanding aspects on the use of rice husk ash and similar agrowastes in the preparation of binders. In Proceedings of the First Pro-Africa Conference: Non Conventional Building Materials Based on Agroindustrial Wastes, Savastano Jr. H (Ed.), pp. 179–181. São Paulo, Brazil: Pirassununga.Google Scholar
Piperno, DR (2006) Phytoliths: A Comprehensive Guide for Archaeologists and Paleoecologists. Oxford, UK: AltaMira Press.Google Scholar
Prychid, CJ, Rudall, CPJ Gregory, M (2003) Systematics and biology of silica bodies in monocotyledons. Bot Rev 69, 377–440.Google Scholar
Rivas, AL, Vera, G, Palacios, V, Cornejo, M, Rigail, A Solórzano, G (2018) Phase transformation of amorphous rice husk silica. In Frontiers in Materials Processing, Applications, Research and Technology, Muruganant M, Chirazi A and Raj B (Eds.), pp. 17–26. Singapore: Springer.Google Scholar
Rocha, JRASC, Machado, JC, Carneiro, PCS, Carneiro, JC, Vilela Resende, MD Carneiro, JES (2017) Elephant grass ecotypes for bioenergy production via direct combustion of biomass. Ind Crops Prod 95, 27–32.Google Scholar
Rodier, L, Bilba, K, Onésippe, C Arsène, MA (2017) Study of pozzolanic activity of bamboo stem ashes for use as partial replacement of cement. Mater Struct 50, 87.Google Scholar
Roselló, J, Soriano, L, Santamarina, MP, Akasaki, JL, Melges, JLP Payá, J (2015) Microscopy characterization of silica-rich agrowastes to be used in cement binders: Bamboo and sugarcane leaves. Microsc Microanal 21, 1314–1326.Google Scholar
Sata, V, Tangpagasit, J, Jaturapitakkul, C Chindaprasirt, P (2012) Effect of W/B ratios on pozzolanic reaction of biomass ashes in Portland cement matrix. Cem Concr Comp 34, 94–100.Google Scholar
Siddique, R Khan, MI (2011) Supplementary Cementing Materials. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science & Business Media.Google Scholar
Silva, RB, Fontes, CMA, Lima, PRL, Gomes, OFM, Lima, LGLM, Moura, RCA Toledo Filho, RD (2015) Biomass ash from cocoa agroindustry: characterization and use as a cement substitute. Ambient Constr 15, 321–334 (in Portuguese).Google Scholar
Villar-Cociña, E, Valencia Morales, E, Santos, SF, Savastano, H Jr Frías, M (2011) Pozzolanic behaviour of bamboo leaf ash: Characterization and determination of the kinetic parameters. Cem Concr Comp 33, 68–77.Google Scholar