The energy-loss spectrum of transmitted electrons contains a wealth of information regarding the physical, chemical and electronic properties of the medium under analysis. It provides a powerful means for materials characterisation in the TEM by use of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) or its spatially parallel counterpart, energy-selective imaging (ESI). Essentially, both analyses probe the same core-loss information, recording transmitted intensity / as a function of energy-loss E and spatial position x, y, to yield a three-dimensional data set I(E, x, y). Acquisition of an extended series of energy-selected images across the energy-loss range of interest has been shown to provide useful spectral as well as spatial information, with the resolution of extracted ‘image-spectra’ being determined by the energy interval between acquisitions and the width of the energy-selecting slit, as illustrated in Figure la . This mode of analysis, termed ‘image-spectroscopy’ is directly analogous to spectrum-imaging in the STEM, and offers many advantages over conventional two- or three-window elemental mapping techniques .