Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T09:30:48.704Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

High-Energy Ball Milling Conditions in Formation of NiTiCu Shape Memory Alloys

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 September 2021

Tomasz Goryczka ,
Piotr Salwa  and
Maciej Zubko Open the ORCID record for Maciej Zubko [Opens in a new window]
Tomasz Goryczka*
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułk Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
Piotr Salwa
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułk Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
Maciej Zubko
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułk Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
*
*Corresponding author: Tomasz Goryczka, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The properties and the shape memory effect depend, among other things, on chemical composition, as well as the method of shape memory alloy (SMA) production. One of the manufacturing methods that leads to the amorphous/nanocrystalline SMA is high-energy ball milling combined with annealing. Using this technique, an SMA memory alloy, with the nominal chemical composition of Ni25Ti50Cu25, was produced from commercial elemental powders (purity −99.7%). The structure and morphology were characterized (at the various stages of its production) by the use of X-ray diffraction, as well as electron microscopy (both scanning and transmission). Choosing the appropriate grinding time made it possible to produce an NiTiCu alloy with a different crystallite size. Its average size changed from 6.5 nm (after 50 h) to about 2 nm (100 h). Increasing the grinding time up to 140 h resulted in the formation of areas that showed the B19 martensite and the Ti2(Ni,Cu) phase with the average crystallite size of about 6 nm (as milled). After crystallization, the average size increased to 11 nm.

Keywords

high-energy ball millingscanning electron microscopeshape memory alloytransmission electron microscope
Type
The XVIIth International Conference on Electron Microscopy (EM2020)
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , June 2022 , pp. 939 - 945
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bricknell, RH, Melton, KN & Mercier, O (1979). The structure of NiTiCu shape memory alloys. Metall Mater Trans A 10, 693–697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chakrabarti, D.J. (1994). Cu-M (copper-nickel). In Phase Diagrams of Binary Copper Alloys, Subramanian, P, Chakrabarti, D & Laughlin, D (Eds.), pp. 276–286. Materials Park, OH: ASM International.Google Scholar
Duerig, TW, Melton, KN, Stockel, D & Wayman, CM (1990). Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys. London: Butterworth-Heinemann.Google Scholar
Hellstern, E, Fecht, HJ, Fu, Z & Johnson, WL (1989). Stability of CsCl-type intermetallic compounds under ball milling. J Mater Res 4, 1292–1295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jin, B, Lu, X, Liu, S, Xu, K, Du, Y, Zhang, S & Chu, M (2021). Thermodynamic re-assessment and liquidus projection of the Cu–Ni–Ti system. CALPHAD: Comput Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem 73, 102256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klinger, M & Jäger, A (2015). Crystallographic Tool Box (CrysTBox): Automated tools for transmission electron microscopists and crystallographers. J Appl Crystallogr 48, 2012–2018.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Massalski, B, Okamoto, H, Subramanian, PR & Kacprzak, L (1992). Binary Alloy Phase Diagram. Materials Park, Ohio, USA: ASM International 3, 2874.Google Scholar
Moberly, WJ, Proft J, L, Duerig, TW & Sinclair, R (1990). Twinless martensite in TiNiCu shape memory alloys. Mater Sci Forum 56–58, 605–610.Google Scholar
Nam, TH, Saburi, T & Shimizu, K (1990). Cu-content dependence of shape memory characteristics in Ti–Ni–Cu alloys. Mater Trans, JIM 31, 959–967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rietveld, HH (1969). A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic. J Appl Crystallogr 2, 65–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salwa, P & Goryczka, T (2020). Crystallization of mechanically alloyed Ni50Ti50 and Ti50Ni25Cu25 shape memory alloys. J Mater Eng Perform 29, 2848–2852.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suryanarayana, C (1996). Recent advances in the synthesis of alloy phases by mechanical alloying/milling. Met Mater 2, 195–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suryanarayana, C (2001). Mechanical alloying and milling. Prog Mater Sci 46, 1–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Humbeeck, J (1997). Shape memory materials: State of the art and requirements for future applications. J Phys IV, C5-3–C5-12.Google Scholar