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FtsZ1/FtsZ2 Turnover in Chloroplasts and the Role of ARC3

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2015

Carol B. Johnson ,
Rahamthulla Shaik ,
Rehab Abdallah ,
Stanislav Vitha  and
Andreas Holzenburg
Carol B. Johnson
Affiliation:
Microscopy & Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2257, USA Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, USA
Rahamthulla Shaik
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, USA
Rehab Abdallah
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, USA
Stanislav Vitha
Affiliation:
Microscopy & Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2257, USA
Andreas Holzenburg*
Affiliation:
Microscopy & Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2257, USA Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, USA Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA
*
*Corresponding author. [email protected]
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Abstract

Chloroplast division requires filamentation temperature-sensitive Z (FtsZ), a tubulin-like GTPase of cyanobacterial endosymbiotic origin. Plants and algae possess two distinct FtsZ protein families, FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 that co-assemble into a ring (Z-ring) at the division site. Z-ring assembly and disassembly and division site positioning is controlled by both positive and negative factors via their specific interactions with FtsZ1 and FtsZ2. Here we present the in planta analysis of Arabidopsis FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 turnover in the context of a native chloroplast division machinery. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis was conducted using fluorescently tagged FtsZ at wild-type (WT)-like levels. Rapid photobleaching, low signal-to-noise ratio, and phototropic movements of chloroplasts were overcome by (i) using progressive intervals in time-lapse imaging, (ii) analyzing epidermal rather than stromal chloroplasts, and (iii) employing image stack alignment during postprocessing. In plants of WT background, fluorescence recovery half-times averaged 117 and 325 s for FtsZ1 and FtsZ2, respectively. In plants lacking ARC3, the key negative regulator of FtsZ assembly, the turnover was threefold slower. The findings are discussed in the context of previous results conducted in a heterologous system.

Keywords

plastid divisionFtsZ assemblyARC3FRAP analysisArabidopsis
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 21 , Issue 2 , April 2015 , pp. 313 - 323
Copyright
© Microscopy Society of America 2015 

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Footnotes

†

Current address: Department of Biology, Lone Star College–North Harris, 2700 W.W. Thorne Drive, Houston, TX 77073-3499, USA.

‡

Current address: Department of Biology, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Cairo, Egypt.

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