Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T03:58:29.027Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of Heavy Metals Contamination from Cigarette Smoke on Sound and Caries-Like Enamel

Part of: Micrographia Collection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 November 2018

Jéssica D. Theobaldo ,
Waldemir F. Vieira-Junior ,
Anderson Catelan ,
Maria do Carmo A. Mainardi ,
Orlando A. Ysnaga ,
Ubirajara P. Rodrigues-Filho ,
Giselle Maria Marchi ,
Débora A. Lima  and
Flávio H. B. Aguiar
Jéssica D. Theobaldo
Affiliation:
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, 13.414-903Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Waldemir F. Vieira-Junior
Affiliation:
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, 13.414-903Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Anderson Catelan
Affiliation:
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, 13.414-903Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Maria do Carmo A. Mainardi
Affiliation:
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, 13.414-903Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Orlando A. Ysnaga
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Materials Inorganic Hybrids, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trab. São-carlense, 400, 13563-120São Carlos, SP, Brazil
Ubirajara P. Rodrigues-Filho
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Materials Inorganic Hybrids, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trab. São-carlense, 400, 13563-120São Carlos, SP, Brazil
Giselle Maria Marchi
Affiliation:
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, 13.414-903Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Débora A. Lima
Affiliation:
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, 13.414-903Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Flávio H. B. Aguiar*
Affiliation:
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, 13.414-903Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Flávio Henrique B. Aguiar, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

In this study, we sought to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoke and pH cycling on the chemical composition and surface/cross-sectional enamel microhardness. A total of 40 dental blocks obtained from bovine incisors were divided into four groups (n=10): no treatment (control); exposure to cigarette smoke (CS); exposure to pH cycling (PC); and exposure to cigarette smoke and pH cycling (CS-PC). The samples were analyzed by synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence, bench mode X-ray fluorescence, as well as surface microhardness (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) testing. The SMH results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. The CSMH results were evaluated using split-plot ANOVA and Tukey’s test. A high amount of Cd and Pb and traces of Ni and As were observed in enamel and dentin after exposure to cigarette smoke (CS and CS-PC). The SMH and CSMH of CS were statistically higher when compared with the control. The PC and CS-PC showed lower SMH and CSMH. We conclude that exposure to cigarette smoke promoted heavy metal deposition in enamel/dentin. In addition, it increased the enamel microhardness but did not promote a protective effect on the in vitro development of caries. The clinical significance of this work is that there is significant bioaccumulation of heavy metals from cigarette smoke on the surface and in the enamel and dentin.

Keywords

tobaccodental enameldental caries susceptibilityheavy metals
Type
Micrographia
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 24 , Issue 6 , December 2018 , pp. 762 - 767
Copyright
© Microscopy Society of America 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Cite this article: Theobaldo JD, Vieira-Junior WF, Catelan A, Mainardi MdCA, Ysnaga OA, Rodrigues-Filho UP, Marchi GM, Lima DA and Aguiar FHB (2018) Effect of Heavy Metals Contamination from Cigarette Smoke on Sound and Caries-Like Enamel. Microsc Microanal. 24(6), 762–767. doi: 10.1017/S1431927618015404

References

Adamson, AW Gast, AP (1997) Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 6th ed., vol. 6, pp. 572–597. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Avşar, A, Darka, O, Topaloglua, B Bek, Y (2008) Association of passive smoking with caries and related salivary biomarkers in young children. Arch Oral Biol 53, 969–974.Google Scholar
Bertoldo, CES, Miranda, DA, Souza Junior, EJ, Aguiar, FHB, Lima, DANL, Ferreira, RL, Claes, I Lovadino, JR (2011) Surface hardness and color change of dental enamel exposed to cigarette smoke. Int J Dent Clin 3, 1–4.Google Scholar
Cara, AC, Zezell, DM, Ana, PA, Maldonado, EP Freitas, AZ (2014) Evaluation of two quantitative analysis methods of optical coherence tomography for detection of enamel demineralization and comparison with microhardness. Lasers Surg Med 46, 666–671.Google Scholar
Elkassas, D Arafa, A (2014) Remineralizing efficacy of different calcium-phosphate and fluoride based delivery vehicles on artificial caries like enamel lesions. J Dent 42, 466–474.Google Scholar
Fujinami, YK, Nakano, K, Ueda, O, Ara, T, Hattori, T, Kawakami, T Wang, PL (2011) Dental caries area of rat molar expanded by cigarette smoke exposure. Caries Res 45, 561–567.Google Scholar
Gonzalez-Gonzalez, JM (1997) Fractal structure of caries. Caries Res 31, 186–188.Google Scholar
Haussmann, HJ (2012) Use of hazard indices for a theoretical evaluation of cigarette smoke composition. Chem Res Toxicol 25, 794–810.Google Scholar
Horneman, DA, Ottens, M, Hoorneman, M, Van der Wielen, LAM Tesson, M (2004) Reaction and diffusion during demineralization of animal bone. AIChE J 50, 2682–2690.Google Scholar
Klus, H (2005) Analysis of complex mixtures-cigarette smoke. Exp Toxicol Pathol 57, 43–73.Google Scholar
Malara, P, Kwapuliński, J Drugacz, J (2004) Lead and cadmium occurrence in deciduous teeth of children exposed to cigarette smoke in apartments. Przeglad Lekarski 61, 1122–1125.Google Scholar
Malara, P, Kwapuliński, J, Malara, B Drugacz, J (2006) Effect of passive smoking on the level of selected metals in deciduous teeth. Przeglad Lekarski 63, 1002–1006.Google Scholar
Moi, GP, Tenuta, LMA Cury, JA (2008) Anticaries potential of a fluoride mouthrinse evaluated in vitro by validated protocols. Brazilian Dent J 19, 91–96.Google Scholar
Palamara, J, Phakey, PP, Rachinger, WA Orams, HJ (1987) The ultrastructure of human dental enamel heat-treated in the temperature range 200°C to 600°C. J Dent Res 66, 1742–1747.Google Scholar
Pérez, AC, Sánchez, HJ, Barrea, RA, Grenón, M Abraham, J (2004) Microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis of human dental calculus using synchrotron radiation. J Anal Atom Spectrom 19, 392–397.Google Scholar
Pérez, C, Radtke, M, Sánchez, H, Tolentino, H, Neuenshwander, R, Barg, W, Rubio, M, Silveira Bueno, M, Raimundo, I Rohwedder, J (1999) Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence at the LNLS: Beamline instrumentation and experiments. X-ray Spectrom 28, 320–326.Google Scholar
Queiroz, CS, Hara, AT, Paes Leme, AF Cury, JA (2008) pH cycling models to evaluate the effect of low fluoride dentifrice on enamel de and remineralization. Brazilian Dent J 19, 21–27.Google Scholar
Rojanski, D, Huppert, D, Bale, HD, Dacai, X, Schmidt, PW, Farin, D, Seri-Levy, A Avnir, D (1986) Integrated fractal analysis of silica: Adsorption, electronic energy transfer, and small-angle X-ray scattering. Phys Rev Lett 56, 2505–2508.Google Scholar
Solé, VA, Papillon, E, Cotte, M, Walter, Ph Susini, J (2007) A multiplatform code for the analysis of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectra. Spectrochim Acta Part B Atom Spectrosc 62, 63–68.Google Scholar
Takeuchi, CYG, Corrêa-Afonso, AM, Pedrazzi, H, Dinelli, W Palma-Dibb, RG (2011) Deposition of lead and cadmium released by cigarette smoke in dental structures and resin composite. Microsc Res Tech 74, 287–291.Google Scholar
Vellappally, S, Fiala, Z, Šmejkalová, J, Jacob, V Somanathan, R (2007) Smoking related systemic and oral diseases. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 50, 161–166.Google Scholar
Vieira-Junior, WF, Ferraz, LN, Pini, NIP, Ambrosano, GMB, Aguiar, FHB, Tabchoury, CPM Lima, DANL (2018) Effect of toothpaste use against mineral loss promoted by dental bleaching. Oper Dent 43, 190–200.Google Scholar
Zhou, J Hsiung, LL (2007) Depth-dependent mechanical properties of enamel by nanoindentation. J Biomed Mater Res A 81, 66–74.Google Scholar