Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T13:13:29.013Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Design and Development of an Automated Dual-Mode Microscopic System Using Electrically Tunable Lenses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2021

Neelam Barak ,
Vineeta Kumari  and
Gyanendra Sheoran Open the ORCID record for Gyanendra Sheoran [Opens in a new window]
Neelam Barak
Affiliation:
Department of ECE, NIT Delhi, NILERD Campus, Narela, Delhi110040, India
Vineeta Kumari
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Sciences, NIT Delhi, NILERD Campus, Narela, Delhi110040, India
Gyanendra Sheoran*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Sciences, NIT Delhi, NILERD Campus, Narela, Delhi110040, India
*
*Corresponding author: Gyanendra Sheoran, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Maintaining telecentricity and zooming in microscopic systems with prolonged depths of focus is a difficult challenge because these properties degrade while moving to different axial planes in the extended focal depth. In this paper, we propose the proof of concept for an automated dual-mode microscopic system that combines two electrically tunable lenses (ETLs) with a variable numerical aperture controller placed. It acts as a viable solution to allow both multiplane microscopic zooming and telecentricity with consistent image resolution throughout the objective's extended focal depth. The image plane remains fixed for both the modes of operation, namely telecentricity and multiplane zooming. To validate the performance of the proposed idea, both simulations and experiments are carried out at various ETL curvature ranges. Over the whole zoom distance range, the experimental zoom ratio is determined to range from −2.723X to −34.42X. The experimental and simulation findings are compared and found to be quite similar, with magnification error percentages of 2.26% for zoom mode and 1.27% for telecentric mode. The comprehensive explanation of simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method for both multiplane zoom and telecentric operations on a single platform in microscopic applications.

Keywords

dual-mode microscopyelectrically tunable lensextended depth of focus imagingmicroscopic zoomingtelecentricity
Type
Software and Instrumentation
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , February 2022 , pp. 173 - 184
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barak, N, Kumari, V & Sheoran, G (2020). Automated extended depth of focus digital holographic microscopy using electrically tunable lens. J Opt. doi:10.1088/2040-8986/abc314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barak, N, Kumari, V & Sheoran, G (2021 a). Common path digital holographic microscopy using electrically tunable lens. In ICOL-2019, Singh, K (Ed.), pp. 655–658. Singapore: Springer Singapore.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barak, N, Kumari, V & Sheoran, G (2021 b). Simulation and analysis of variable numerical aperture wide-field microscopy for telecentricity with constant resolution. Micron 145(January), 103064. doi:10.1016/j.micron.2021.103064.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casutt, S, Bueeler, M, Blum, M, Aschwanden, M (2014). Fast and precise continuous focusing with focus tunable lenses. Opt Compon Mater XI 8982, 89820Y. doi: 10.1117/12.2037516CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwai, D, Izawa, H, Kashima, K (2019). Speeded-up focus control of electrically tunable lens by sparse optimization. Sci Rep 9(1), 1–6. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48900-zCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, H, Cheng, X & Hao, Q (2016). An electrically tunable zoom system using liquid lenses. Sensors 16(1), 1–13. doi:10.3390/s16010045Google Scholar
Lin, Y-H, Chen, M-S & Lin, H-C (2011). An electrically tunable optical zoom system using two composite liquid crystal lenses with a large zoom ratio. Opt Expr 19(5), 4714. doi:10.1364/oe.19.004714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martínez-Corral, M, Hsieh, P, Doblas, A, Sánchez-Ortiga, E, Saavedra, G, Huang, Y (2015). Fast axial three-dimensional wide-field microscopy with constant magnification and resolution. J Display Technol 11(11), 913–920. doi:10.1109/JDT.2015.2404347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matrecano, M, Paturzo, M & Ferraro, P (2014). Extended focus imaging in digital holographic microscopy: A review. Opt Eng 53(11), 112317. doi:10.1117/1.oe.53.11.112317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Optotune (2016). Electrically Tunable Large Aperture Lens EL-16-40-TC-VIS-20D. Available at: http://www.optotune.com/.Google Scholar
Qu, Y & Hu, Y (2019). Analysis of axial scanning range and magnification variation in wide-field microscope for measurement using an electrically tunable lens. Microsc Res Tech 82(2), 101–113. doi:10.1002/jemt.23113CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanz, M, Trusiak, M, García, J, Micó, V (2020). Variable zoom digital in-line holographic microscopy. Opt Lasers Eng 127. doi:10.1016/j.optlaseng.2019.105939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuo, C, Chen, Q, Qu, W, Asundi, A (2013). High-speed transport-of-intensity phase microscopy with an electrically tunable lens. Opt Expr 21(20), 24060. doi:10.1364/oe.21.024060.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed