Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T06:22:27.110Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cathodoluminescence of Natural, Plastically Deformed Pink Diamonds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2012

E. Gaillou ,
J.E. Post ,
T. Rose  and
J.E. Butler
E. Gaillou*
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral Sciences, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
J.E. Post
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
T. Rose
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
J.E. Butler
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA Retired—Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375, USA
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The 49 type I natural pink diamonds examined exhibit color restricted to lamellae or bands oriented along {111} that are created by plastic deformation. Pink diamonds fall into two groups: (1) diamonds from Argyle in Australia and Santa Elena in Venezuela are heavily strained throughout and exhibit pink bands alternating with colorless areas, and (2) diamonds from other localities have strain localized near the discrete pink lamellae. Growth zones are highlighted by a blue cathodoluminescence (CL) and crosscut by the pink lamellae that emit yellowish-green CL that originates from the H3 center. This center probably forms by the recombination of nitrogen-related centers (A-aggregates) and vacancies mobilized by natural annealing in the Earth's mantle. Twinning is the most likely mechanism through which plastic deformation is accommodated for the two groups of diamonds. The plastic deformation creates new centers visible through spectroscopic methods, including the one responsible for the pink color, which remains unidentified. The differences in the plastic deformation features, and resulting CL properties, for the two groups might correlate to the particular geologic conditions under which the diamonds formed; those from Argyle and Santa Elena are deposits located within Proterozoic cratons, whereas most diamonds originate from Archean cratons.

Keywords

natural pink diamondcathodoluminescencetwinplastic deformationH3 center405.5 nm center
Type
Special Section: Cathodoluminescence
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 18 , Issue 6 , December 2012 , pp. 1292 - 1302
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Boyd, S.R., Kiflawi, I. & Woods, G.S. (1994). The relationship between infrared absorption and the A defect concentration in diamond. Phil Mag B 69, 1149–1153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, S.R., Kiflawi, I. & Woods, G.S. (1995). Infrared absorption by the B nitrogen aggregate in diamond. Phil Mag B 72, 351–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, K.S., Anstie, J.D., Chapman, J. & Luiten, A.N. (2012). Infrared microspectroscopy of natural Argyle pink diamond. Diam Relat Mater 23, 125–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, A.T. (1982). Colour centres in diamond. J Gemmol 18, 37–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, A.T. (1993). Intrinsic and extrinsic absorption and luminescence in diamond. Phys B 185, 284–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, A.T. (1999). Things we still don't know about optical centers in diamond. Diam Relat Mater 8, 1455–1462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Custers, J.F.H. (1952). Unusual phosphorescence of a diamond. Physica 18, 489–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Custers, J.F.H. (1954). Letter to the Editor: Type IIb diamonds. Physica 20, 183–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Custers, J.F.H. (1955). Semiconductivity of a type IIb diamond. Nature 176, 173–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, G. (1977). The optical properties of diamond. In Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Walker, P.L. Jr. & Thrower, P.A. (Eds.), vol. 13, pp. 1–143. New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Dyer, H.B., Raal, F.A., Du Preez, L. & Loubser, J.H.N. (1965). Optical absorption features associated with paramagnetic nitrogen in diamond. Phil Mag 11, 763–774.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, T. (1992). Aggregation of nitrogen in diamond. In The Properties of Natural and Synthetic Diamond, Field, J.E. (Ed.), pp. 259–290. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Evans, T., Davey, S.T. & Robertson, S.H. (1984). Photoluminescence studies of sintered diamond compacts. J Mater Sci 19, 2405–2414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, J.E. (Ed.) (1992). The Properties of Natural and Synthetic Diamond. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Fisher, D., Sibley, S.J. & Kelly, C.J. (2009). Brown colour in natural diamond and interaction between the brown related and other colour-inducing defects. J Phys Cond Mat 21, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fritsch, E., Hainschwang, T., Massi, L. & Rondeau, B. (2007). Hydrogen-related optical centers in natural diamond: An update. New Diam Front C Technol 17, 63–89.Google Scholar
Gaillou, E., Post, J.E., Bassim, N., Fries, M., Rose, T., Stroud, R. & Butler, J.E. (2010). Spectroscopic and microscopic characterization of color lamellae in natural pink diamonds. Diam Relat Mater 19, 1207–1220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goss, J.P., Ewels, C.P., Briddon, P.R. & Fritsch, E. (2011). Bistable N2-H complexes: The first proposed structure of a H-related colour-causing defect in diamonds. Diam Relat Mater 20, 896–901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanley, P.L., Kiflawi, I. & Lang, A.R. (1977). On topographically identifiable sources of cathodoluminescence in natural diamonds. Phil T R Soc A 284, 329–368.Google Scholar
Hofer, S.C. (1985). Pink diamonds from Australia. Gems Gemol 21, 147–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iakoubovskii, K. & Adriaenssens, G.J. (1999). Photoluminescence in CVD diamond films. Phys Stat Sol A 172, 123–129.3.0.CO;2-E>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaminsky, F.V., Zakharchenko, O.D., Griffin, W.L., Channer, D.M. DeR. & Khachatryan-Blinova, G.K. (2000). Diamond from the Guaniamo area, Venezuela. Can Mineral 38, 1347–1370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaneko, K. (1995). Microstructural studies of diamonds. PhD Thesis. H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol. Google Scholar
Kaneko, K. & Lang, A.R. (1993). CL and optical microtopographic studies of Argyle diamonds. Ind Diam Rev 53, 334–337.Google Scholar
Kawarada, H., Matsuyama, H., Yokota, Y., Sogi, T., Yamaguchi, A. & Hiraki, A. (1993). Excitonic recombination radiation in undoped and boron-doped chemical-vapor-deposited diamonds. Phys Rev B 47, 3633–3637.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kiflawi, I. & Lang, A.R. (1976). On the correspondence between cathodoluminescence images and X-ray diffraction contrast images of individual dislocations in diamond. Phil Mag 33, 697–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mendelssohn, M.J. & Milledge, H.J. (1995). Geologically significant information from routine analysis of the mid-infrared spectra of diamonds. Int Geol Rev 37, 95–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mineeva, R.M., Titkov, S.V. & Speransky, A.V. (2009). Structural defects in natural plastically deformed diamonds: Evidence from EPR spectroscopy. Geol Ore Deposit 51, 233–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orlov, Y.L. (1977). The Mineralogy of the Diamond. New York: Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Raal, F.A. (1958). A new absorption band in diamond and its likely cause. Proc Phys Soc 71, 846–847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rolandi, V., Brajkovic, A., Adamo, I. & Fontana, I. (2008). Argyle type Ia pink diamonds. Gemmological properties, FTIR, UV-Vis and CL features. Austral Gemmol 23, 194–203.Google Scholar
Shiryaev, A.A., Frost, D.J. & Langenhorst, F. (2007). Impurity diffusion and microstructure in diamonds deformed at high pressures and temperatures. Diam Relat Mater 16, 503–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sunagawa, I. (1984). Diamond. In Materials Science of the Earth's Interior, Sunagawa, I. (Ed.), pp. 167–197. Tokyo: Terra Scientific Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Taylor, W.R., Canil, D. & Milledge, H.J. (1996). Kinetics of Ib to IaA nitrogen aggregation in diamond. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60, 4725–4733.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Titkov, S.V., Krivovichev, S.V. & Organova, N.I. (2012). Plastic deformation of natural diamonds by twinning: Evidence from X-ray diffraction studies. Min Mag 76, 143–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Titkov, S.V., Shigley, J.E., Breeding, C.M., Mineeva, R.M., Zudin, N.G. & Sergeev, A.M. (2008). Natural-color purple diamonds from Siberia. Gems Gemol 44, 56–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Enckevort, W.J.P. & Visser, E.P. (1990). Photoluminescence microtomography of diamond. Phil Mag B 62, 597–614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaitsev, A. (2001). Optical Properties of Diamond: A Data Handbook. Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar