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Observing the Chemical State of Elements With Z=21 To 28 From L Alpha1 To L L Ratios With Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2020

A. Sandborg  and
R. Anderhalt
A. Sandborg
Affiliation:
EDAX, Inc., Mahwah, NJ07430
R. Anderhalt
Affiliation:
EDAX, Inc., Mahwah, NJ07430
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Extract

It is well known that chemical bonding affects elemental x-ray emission spectra. The spectra of low atomic number elements show energy shifts which depend on the bonding of the element. To observe these shifts, a high resolution wavelength dispersive (WDS) x-ray spectrometer is required. Intensity variations of the L series can be observed with an EDS system which also show chemical effects.

The L Alphal and the L L radiations are produced from a vacancy in the L III shell. Normally the L L line is about 5 to 6% of the intensity of the L Alphal line. However, in the atomic number range of Z=21 to 28, it is easily observed that the L L line becomes more intense. The L Alphal is no longer present at Z=20. These intensity changes are due to the outer electron shells of these atoms being unfilled. The L Alphal comes from the L3-M5 transition, while the L L comes from L3-M1 transition. The M5 (3d level) of the M shell is partially filled for Z=21 to 28; empty for Z<21and full for Z> 28. Holliday observed a Ti LL which was 17% greater than the Ti L Alphal.

Type
Mas Celebrates: Fifty Years of Electron Probe Microanalysis
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 5 , Issue S2: Proceedings: Microscopy & Microanalysis '99, Microscopy Society of America 57th Annual Meeting, Microbeam Analysis Society 33rd Annual Meeting, Portland, Oregon August 1-5, 1999 , August 1999 , pp. 590 - 591
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America

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References

1. Holliday, J.E., Handbook Of X-Rays, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1967Google Scholar

2. Holliday, J.E., Norelco Reporter, Volume XIV, 3–4, July 1967Google Scholar