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Morphological Correlates of the Protection Afforded By Varma Mixture In Rat Cornea Exposed to Half Mustard (Cees).

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2020

J.P. Petrali ,
M. Henein ,
A.H. Ali ,
P.S. Devamanoharan ,
T.A. Hamilton  and
S.D. Varma
J.P. Petrali
Affiliation:
Comparative Medicine Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland21010-5400.
M. Henein
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
A.H. Ali
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
P.S. Devamanoharan
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
T.A. Hamilton
Affiliation:
Comparative Medicine Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland21010-5400.
S.D. Varma
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
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Extract

Whole body exposure to the chemical warfare agent, mustard gas, bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, or its laboratory model compound, half mustard, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), induces cutaneous, respiratory and ocular impairments. Of these, ocular damage causes the most immediate incapacitation with initial symptoms evident within minutes. This incapacitation is a result of irritation and edema of eyelids, conjunctiva and especially cornea. Development of corneal epithelial lesions and edema leads to deterioration of corneal transmissive and refractive properties with untoward effects on visual acuity. Heretofore, there has been no specific pretreatment, or antidotal therapy for mustard gas-induced ocular impairment. In the present study, we describe morphological correlates of the apparent attenuation of such damage by a mixture compound developed by Varma et al. Varma mixture (VM) consists of compounds known to provide bio-energetic support, prevent oxidative stress, modulate membrane permeability and support tissue metabolism. The mustard agent used in this study was CEES.

Type
Pathology
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 5 , Issue S2: Proceedings: Microscopy & Microanalysis '99, Microscopy Society of America 57th Annual Meeting, Microbeam Analysis Society 33rd Annual Meeting, Portland, Oregon August 1-5, 1999 , August 1999 , pp. 1178 - 1179
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America

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Footnotes

*

Mixture developed by Principal Investigator, Dr.S.DVarma, and published in J. Ocul. Pharm. and Therap. Vol.14, No.5, 1998.

References

1.Petrali, J.P. et al., J. Toxicol.-Cut.&Ocular Toxicol., 16 (1997) 227–237.Google Scholar
2.Varma, S.D. et al., J. Ocul. Pharm. and Therap. 14 (1998) 413–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Varma, S.D. et al., J. Ocul. Pharm. and Therap. 14 (1998) 423–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. The authors acknowledge Natalie Snyder whose technical expertise in the conduct of ultrastructural studies ensured the success of this initial study.Google Scholar