Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T11:22:47.110Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Influence of Pb(II) Concentration and pH of Acetate Buffer on the Potential Window of a Lead Film Electrode: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2012

Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
*
Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies on observations of lead films deposited from the solutions containing an acetate buffer and different concentration of Pb(II) are presented. AFM images show considerable variability in morphology of the deposited lead layer depending on experimental conditions. To investigate effects of the Pb(II) concentration and pH of the supporting electrolyte on the accessible potential window of the lead film electrode (PbFE), voltammetric techniques were used. It was found that the useful potential window of PbFE is affected by the pH and Pb(II) concentration. Additionally, it was found that the distribution and large size of Pb particles on the electrode surface shown by AFM corresponded well to the mass of Pb expected on the glassy carbon support with respect to the voltammetric data. Results reveal that PbFE is an attractive nonmercury metallic electrode suitable for electrochemical detection of metal ions and a lot of organic compounds in a wide potential window. The accessible potential window of the PbFE in an acetate buffer (pH = 5.0) was compared to those obtained at the bismuth film electrode and antimony film electrode.

Type
Materials Applications
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baldrianova, L., Svancara, I., Vlcek, M., Economou, A. & Sotiropoulos, S. (2006). Effect of Bi(III) concentration on the stripping voltammetric response of in situ bismuth-coated carbon paste and gold electrodes. Electrochim Acta 52, 481490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bobrowski, A., Kalcher, K. & Kurowska, K. (2009). Microscopic and electrochemical characterization of lead film electrode applied in adsorptive stripping analysis. Electrochim Acta 54, 72147221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bobrowski, A., Królicka, A. & Zarębski, J. (2010). Morphology and electrochemical properties of the bismuth film electrode ex situ electrochemically plated from perchloric acid. Electroanalysis 22, 14211427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fertonani, F.L., Benedetti, A.V., Servat, J., Portillo, J. & Sanz, F. (1999). Electrodeposited thin mercury films on Pt-Ir alloy electrodes. Thin Solid Films 349, 147154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gustafsson, E. (1995). Swedish experiences of the ban on products containing mercury. Water Air Solid Pollut 80, 99102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hyde, M.E., Jacobs, R.M.J. & Compton, R.G. (2004). An electrodeposition study of the nucleation and growth of silver on boron-doped diamond electrodes. J Electroanal Chem 562, 6172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korolczuk, M. & Tyszczuk, K. (2007a). Adsorptive stripping voltammetry of trimethoprim at an in situ plated lead film electrode. Chem Anal (Warsaw) 52, 10151024.Google Scholar
Korolczuk, M. & Tyszczuk, K. (2007b). Determination of folic acid by adsorptive stripping voltammetry at a lead film electrode. Electroanalysis 19, 19591962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korolczuk, M., Tyszczuk, K. & Grabarczyk, M. (2005). Adsorptive stripping voltammetry of nickel and cobalt at in situ plated lead film electrode. Electrochem Commun 7, 11851189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korolczuk, M., Tyszczuk, K. & Grabarczyk, M. (2007). Determination of uranium by adsorptive stripping voltammetry at a lead film electrode. Talanta 72, 957961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Królicka, A. & Bobrowski, A. (2004). Bismuth film electrode for adsorptive stripping voltammetry—Electrochemical and microscopic study. Electrochem Commun 6, 99104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Królicka, A., Bobrowski, A. & Kowal, A. (2006). Effects of electroplating variables on the voltammetric properties of bismuth deposits plated potentiostatically. Electroanalysis 18, 16491657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nunes, L.M.S. & Faria, R.C. (2008). The influence of the electrodeposition conditions on the electroanalytical performance of the bismuth film electrode for lead determination. Electroanalysis 20, 22592263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svancara, I., Baldrianova, L., Vlcek, M., Metelka, R. & Vytras, K. (2005). A role of the plating regime in the deposition of bismuth films onto a carbon paste electrode. Microscopic study. Electroanalysis 17, 120126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toghill, K.E., Xiao, L., Wildgoose, G.G. & Compton, R.G. (2009). Electroanalytical determination of cadmium(II) and lead(II) using an antimony nanoparticle modified boron-doped diamond electrode. Electroanalysis 21, 11131118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyszczuk, K. (2008). Application of an in situ plated lead film electrode to the analysis of testosterone by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Anal Bioanal Chem 390, 19511956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyszczuk, K. (2009). Sensitive voltammetric determination of rutin at an in situ plated lead film electrode. J Pharmaceut Biomed 49, 558561.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tyszczuk, K. (2010). Determination of diazepam, temazepam and oxazepam at the lead film electrode by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. Electroanalysis 22, 19751984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyszczuk, K. (2011a). Correlation between the plating regime of lead film deposition and electrode response after accumulation of organic compound. Microscopic study. Sensor Actuat B Chem 156, 899905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyszczuk, K. (2011b). The fabrication and characterization of an ex situ plated lead film electrode prepared with the use of a reversibly deposited mediator metal. Electrochim Acta 56, 39753980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyszczuk, K. & Korolczuk, M. (2008). Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of trace concentrations of molybdenum at an in situ plated lead film electrode. Anal Chim Acta 624, 232237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tyszczuk, K. & Korolczuk, M. (2009a). In-situ plated lead film electrode for determination of glipizide in pharmaceutical formulation and human urine. Chem Anal (Warsaw) 54, 3141.Google Scholar
Tyszczuk, K. & Korolczuk, M. (2009b). New protocol for determination of rifampicine by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Electroanalysis 21, 101106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyszczuk, K. & Korolczuk, M. (2010). Voltammetric method for the determination of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. Bioelectrochem 78, 113117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Urbanova, V., Vytras, K. & Kuhn, A. (2010). Macroporous antimony film electrodes for stripping analysis of trace heavy metals. Electrochem Commun 12, 114117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, J. (1985). Stripping Analysis. Principles, Instrumentation, and Applications. Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, Inc.Google Scholar